Fig. 6: Endothelial cell culture in the recirculation chip43.

a Schematic top-view of the device with indications of the peristaltic pump (red) and the cell chamber (green). The white arrows indicate the medium recirculation loop. b Phase contrast microscopic image of HUVECs (passage number 7) cultured on-chip for 96 h under constant peristaltic flow. Scale bar represents 1 mm. c Measured pumping rate of the on-chip peristaltic pump at different frequencies with 3-phase and 6-phase actuation patterns (for both, n = 1). d Fluorescence image of the GFP-expressing (green) HUVECs with stained cell nuclei (NucBlue) and F-actin (red). Scale bar represents 1 mm43