Fig. 3: Culture and electroporation of cardiomyocytes for extracellular and intracellular potential recording using NWMEA.

Culture and electroporation of cardiomyocytes for extracellular and intracellular potential recording using NWMEA. a Photo of the NWMEA device assembled on an adaptive printed circuit board. b Optical microscope imaging of HL-1 cardiomyocytes cultured on the NWMEA biodevice. c Optical microscope imaging of a single electrode of the NWMEA biodevice when covered by a cardiomyocyte. d Immunostaining image (merged) of HL-1 cardiomyocytes stained with DAPI and Cy3-labeled antibody. The DAPI- and Cy3-labeled nuclei of the cardiomyocytes in blue fluorescence and α-actinin of the cardiomyocytes in red fluorescence. e Schematic drawing showing that electroporation perforated the cardiomyocyte membrane to achieve intracellular potential recording on the NWMEA device. f Workflow of the digital signal decomposition algorithm to obtain the signal and noise components of extracellular and intracellular recording. g Examples of extracellular potential (top in blue) and intracellular potential (bottom in red) recorded using NWMEA before (left) and after (right) electroporation. The extracellular and intracellular potential recordings were decomposed into signal and noise components