Fig. 6: Clinical applications of mechanical sensing/monitoring.
From: Recent advances in microsystem approaches for mechanical characterization of soft biological tissues
a Left: Topography image of a 100 × 100 µm2 area of a section of 9-d-old granulation tissue in a rat model. Right: the mean elastic moduli determined via the AFM method applied to granulation wound tissue from a rat after 7, 8, and 9 days as a function of different weight ratios of the base to crosslinker in PDMS with comparable moduli (right). The error bars correspond to standard deviations for measurements among 12 rats. Reproduced with permission92. Copyright 2006, Rockefeller University Press. b Left: microcantilever indenting a sample of breast tissue associated with breast cancer. Right: sensor voltages during measurements on cancer epithelial/stromal tissues and benign epithelial/stromal tissues. Reproduced with permission40. Copyright 2014, Royal Society of Chemistry. c Photographs of a piezoelectric device mounted near the nose to map the elastic modulus in lesion regions associated with dermatologic malignancy. Reproduced with permission41. Copyright 2015, Nature Publishing Group. d Left: magnetic resonance electrographs of a cirrhotic explanted human liver with a tumor. Right: modulus values measured from healthy and cancerous tissues using needle-shaped PZT-based probes65. Copyright 2018, Nature Publishing Group. e Microsystem approaches for MA measurements. Left: Schematic illustration of skin-mounted electronics for MA sensing, with an inset that shows an image of a device on a human subject. Right: Continuous MA-signal recording of human body orientations. Reproduced with permission94. Copyright 2020, Nature Publishing Group. f Left: schematic illustration of measurements of brachial arterial-pulse via ultrasonic devices. Right: recording of BP waveforms correlated with ECG results, in which the pulse wave velocity can be calculated as 5.4 m/s. Reproduced with permission43. Copyright 2018, Nature Publishing Group
