Fig. 1: Schematic principle of bioelectronic medicine.

Implanted electrodes address a variety of peripheral nerves to record neurophysiological signals. The data are decoded and processed to specify appropriate stimulation patterns and accurate dosage to modulate pathological signals. Moreover, metabolic biomarkers are obtained from the body to provide feedback, creating a closed-loop system for the automatically controlled regulation of organ function. In our approach, we aim to address pelvic neural structures with a flexible, protruding microelectrode array