Fig. 8: Electric stimulations for neuromodulation. | Microsystems & Nanoengineering

Fig. 8: Electric stimulations for neuromodulation.

From: Nanomaterial-based microelectrode arrays for in vitro bidirectional brain–computer interfaces: a review

Fig. 8

a General template with necessary parameters (negative potential duration (TN), negative potential amplitude (AN), positive potential duration (TP), positive potential amplitude (AP), interval time between two pulses (TI), delay time (TD)) describing ES composed of 3 successive electric stimulus sequences, broken down by rest without stimulation. TL represents the time between two stimulus sequences. b Two electrode arrangements used in stimulation protocols to evoke neuronal activity. Reproduced with permission from ref. 80 (2021, CC BY 4.0). c Stimulation pattern combining A and B to train interval delay (ΔT). Reproduced with permission from ref. 25 (2019, CC BY 4.0). d Design of the electric stimulation paradigm for the control group (top) and carbachol (CCh) group (bottom) to form and consolidate memory traces. Reproduced from ref. 75 (2021, CC BY 4.0)

Back to article page