Table 1 Property comparison of representative nanomaterial modifications for bidirectional neural interfaces in the last 3 years

cGO/PEDOT:PSS

Electrodeposited

30

3.11 ± 0.25

7.53 ± 0.34 mC/cm²

7.26 ± 0.29 kΩ (1 kHz)

In vitro

⁴⁰

Nanostructured

platinum

Electrodeposited

35

3.0 ± 0.1

51.3 ± 0.2 nC

66.71 ± 0.44 kΩ

(100 Hz)

In vivo

⁵⁷

PEDOT:PSS/

PtNPs

Electrodeposited

30

4.37 ± 0.22

14.84 ± 2.72 mC/cm²

10.94 ± 0.49 kΩ;

−12.54 ± 0.51° (1k Hz)

In vitro

³⁹

PEDOT:CNF

Electrodeposited

20

10.03

7.89 mC/cm²

1.28 MΩ/μm² (1k Hz)

In vitro

⁵⁵

PEDOT:PSS

Electrodeposited

40

/

31.5 ± 1.3 mC /cm²

9.4 ± 0.9 kΩ (1k Hz)

In vitro and in vivo

⁴²

Pt-Ir

Electrodeposited

75

3.85

12.5 + 0.75 mC/cm²

50 ± 9 kΩ (1k Hz)

In vivo

¹¹⁶