Table 3 Biocompatibility of transparent neurointerfaces characterized by histological methods

Brosch, ¹⁰⁷

polyimide

Au/Pt

Epidural

+

+

+

Mongolian gerbils

Nissl, Iba1, GFAP

28 or 31 weeks

Vomero, ¹²³

polyimide

GC

Pt

IrOx PEDOT:PSS

Epidural

+

-

+

Long Evans rats

Nissl (thionin)

6 weeks

Ceyssen, ¹³⁶

polyimide covered with ECM

Pt

Epidural

-

-

-

Wistar rat

NeuN, GFAP

3 and 13 weeks

Schendel, ²³

Parylene C

Au/Pt

Epidural

-

+

+

Sprague Dawley rats

thickness of the collagen

from 2 to 419 days

meningeal tissue response

1 month

H&E, Iba1, GFAP

1 year

Matsuo, ¹³¹

Parylene C

Au

Epidural

+

-

-

Rhesus macaque

H&E

4 weeks

Fedor, ¹¹⁸

thiol-ene/acrylate

Au

Epidural

+

-

+

C57BL6/J mouse

NeuroTrace, DAPI, GFAP

80 days

Vitale, ¹⁴²

Parylene C with ECM-coating

Au

Subdural

+

-

-

Sprague Dawley rats

Iba1, GFAP

1 week

1 month

Schweigmann, ¹¹⁴

LCP

Au/nanoPt

Epidural

+

+

-

mouse

DAPI, Iba1, GFAP

3 and 28 days

Pavone, ¹²⁴

SWCNT/MDPE

Pt

Subdural

+

-

+

rats

Nissl, NeuN, Iba1, GFAP

2 months

Wang, ³⁷

hydrogel

Ag/PVA

Subdural

+

+

+

cats

Iba1, GFAP

2,3,4 or 14 weeks

Yan, ¹³²

silicone

Pt

Subdural

-

-

-

beagle dog

H&E, NeuN, Iba1, GFAP

6 months

Degenhart, ¹¹⁷

silicone

Pt

Subdural

+

-

-

Rhesus monkey

Hoescht, NeuN, Iba1, GFAP, Vimentin

666 days

Sauter-Starace, ¹²²

silicone

Pt/Ir

Subdural

+

-

-

sheep

Nissl, CD11b, GFAP

10 months

Mestais, ¹²⁷

silicone

Pt

Subdural/ Epidural

+

-

-

Rhesus macaque

Nissl, Iba1, GFAP

26 weeks

Romanelli, ¹²⁵

silicone

Pt

Subdural

+

-

+

Rhesus macaque

Nissl, Perls iron staining, Iba1, GFAP, Vimentin

30 weeks

Minev, ¹²⁸

silicone with platinum-silicone composite coating

Au

Subdural

+

-

-

Lewis rats

Nissl, Iba1, GFAP

6 weeks

Ghanbari, ¹³⁹

PMMA/PET

-

Epidural

-

+

-

GCaMP6f mouse

DAPI, GFAP

6,10,30 and 36 weeks