Fig. 5: Objective detection in racewalking by the EEN.

a Illustration of standard racewalking of the right leg in the stance phase during one gait cycle. b Illustration of a foul in racewalking of the right leg in the stance phase during one gait cycle. c Knee joint angles of four expert athletes during racewalking with several random fouls. d Results of gait analysis of four expert athletes. e Statistical comparison in the stance phase and swing phase. f Illustration of racewalking with EEN. g Comparison of captured faults by referees and EEN