Fig. 4

(a,b) Residence time, \({T}_{{{{\rm{res}}}}}\) (as defined in Section “Particle trajectories”), as a function of a \({\hat{x}}_{0}\) and b \({\hat{z}}_{0}\). The residence time is normalised by the advection time, Eq. (7). Time evolution of c particle velocity and d logarithm of particle acceleration inside the junction along the outlet axis (x-axis)