Fig. 5: Porous membrane fabrication processes can be divided into the following main steps: mold fabrication, treatment to reduce adhesion, and membrane fabrication.
From: Polymeric and biological membranes for organ-on-a-chip devices

Left: a widely implemented technique is photolitographic mold fabrication and posterior replica molding. Right: laser machining mold fabrication to create dissolvable molds is a novel fabrication approach