Fig. 2: Mechanical testing of MPP sensors.

a Schematic diagram of the piezoresistive response sensing platform. b Compressive stress‒strain curves of MPP, MP and PP sponges. c The pressure and modulus of PPy, MXene and MPP sponges at 80% compression strain. d Cyclic stress‒strain curves of the MPP sponge. e Maximum stress and dissipated energy of the MPP sensor at 1–100 repetitive stress strains