Fig. 10: Model of the leukocyte adhesion cascade and immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment.
From: Microphysiological systems for solid tumor immunotherapy: opportunities and challenges
Adapted from Chae et al.107 A step-by-step process involving leukocyte rolling, tight adhesion, and transmigration into the circulatory system and movement toward a tumor site. This cascade is mediated by various molecules interacting with each other, as shown in the schematic. Abbreviations: PSGL-1: P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, MAdCAM-1: mucosal vascular addressing cell adhesion molecule 1, LFA-1: lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1, Mac-1: macrophage-1 antigen, VLA-4: very late antigen-4, ICAM-1/2: intercellular adhesion molecule 1/2, VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, PECAM: platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, JAM A/B/C: junctional adhesion molecule A/B/C
