Fig. 4: Cell model parameter identification of the 16 μm cell using GA.

a Error minimization for the cell entry time completed after 32 successive generations. b Entry time convergence to the experimental values in the three devices shown at every generation. c–e The numerical simulations of the entry process of the cell entering the constricted channels after applying the identified parameters for the cell model in the three devices illustrated at five instances in two different views. (Supplementary information Video 2 to Video 4)