Fig. 5: Applicability of ARC-DNI on various substrates and along various routes.

a PET, b PFA, and c PI. d Difference in the measured first-order reflective diffraction efficiencies of asymmetric nanogratings with trapezoidal and slanted profiles produced by ARC-DNI on PC (schematically illustrated alongside). e Optical image of the lens-shaped diffractive gratings consisting of three concentric circular nanogratings fabricated by ARC-DNI along circular routes at θ values of 0°, 30°, and 60° (as marked in the image)