Fig. 2: Deposition results of Cases A and B

a SEM images of the Ni ELP results of Case A at the (I) via top and (II) via bottom. b Ni ELP results of Case B after performing ultrasound treatment with ultrasound power and pulse duty cycle values of 300 W and 1 s/10 s, respectively. c, d Magnified images of the via bottoms for Case A and B, respectively, showing the distributions and morphologies of the deposited Ni particles