Fig. 4: Sensing performance for the multichannel outputs of force sensors toward forces of different mechanical directions.

Schematic of the forces applied to the sensors: (a) F24, (d) F14/23 shear force, and (g) downward force F. Eight-channel response toward (b) F24, (e) F14/23, and (h) downward force F. Loading-unloading multichannel cycles under (c) shear force F24, (f) F14/23, and (i) downward force F