Fig. 13: Electrochemical performance results (EIS).

a Bode plot of impedance magnitude as a function of frequency (plotted in the 0.1–105 Hz frequency range) for un-restructured Ti, restructured Ti at 89 MJ/cm2 fluence, un-restructured Pt10Ir, restructured Pt10Ir and 4.5 µm-thick TiN coating in room temperature PBS; b Bode plot of impedance magnitude as a function of frequency (plotted in the 0.1–10 Hz frequency range) for restructured Ti at 89 MJ/cm2 fluence, restructured Pt10Ir and 4.5 µm-thick TiN coating; Impedance magnitude at 1 Hz demonstrated an average reduction of over 400-fold in the restructured vs. un-restructured Ti electrodes