Fig. 1: Fabrication and characterization of a MEA platform for intracellular AP recording in Cardiomyocytes. | Microsystems & Nanoengineering

Fig. 1: Fabrication and characterization of a MEA platform for intracellular AP recording in Cardiomyocytes.

From: Multi-sized microelectrode array coupled with micro-electroporation for effective recording of intracellular action potential

Fig. 1

a Schematic of a MEA with multiple sizes, labelled with five sizes of microelectrodes. b By culturing cardiomyocytes of suitable density, their coupling to different sizes of planar microelectrode formation was ensured. c Cardiomyocytes were coupled to a microelectrode. Schematic representation of the instantaneous conversion of the extracellular FP of the microelectrodes into intracellular AP after micro-electroporation. Multi-sized microelectrode devices were connected to the recording instrument via PCBs, and software was used to record electrophysiological signals and control micro-electroporation voltages. d Cardiomyocytes presented intracellular and extracellular electrical signals with different waveforms before and after micro-electroporation due to the different coupling of cardiomyocytes at different-sized microelectrodes. e CAD design drawing of the photomask of a single Mix-MEA. f The main preparation process of MEA. (i) Cleaned of glass substrate. (ii) Spin-coated and cured photoresist. (iii) Developed photoresist. (iv) Obtained conductive layer by sputtering Cr/Au. (v) Stripped of excess metal. (vi) Re-spin-coated and cured photoresist. (vii) Developed photoresist for insulating non-recording areas. (viii) The MEA chip was fixed to the PCB with PDMS and then electrically connected to the pads on the PCB with conductive silver adhesive. Finally, a glass ring was fixed to the center of the device by PDMS. g Photograph of the assembled Mix-MEA device. h Optical image of Mix-MEA. Magnified image of the corresponding boxed area on the right. I Cyclic voltammetry curves of 20, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μm-microelectrode poles of 10 × 10−3 m PBS containing 5 × 10−3 m [Fe(CN)6]3-/4-. j Current amplitude statistics of the reduced peaks of the CV curves of 20, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μm-microelectrodes in 10 × 10−3 m PBS containing 5 × 10−3 m [Fe(CN)6]3-/4-. k Nyquist plots of 20, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μm-microelectrode measured in 10 × 10−3 m PBS containing 5 × 10−3 m [Fe(CN)6]3-/4-. l Bode plots of 20, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μm-microelectrode measured in potassium ferricyanide solution. m Statistical plots of impedance values of 20, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μm-microelectrode at 15 kHz. Statistical plots were analyzed for a sample size of n = 4 data per group and were expressed as mean ± sem. Significant differences were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001; NS, not statistically significant

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