Fig. 4 | Microsystems & Nanoengineering

Fig. 4

From: Microelectrode arrays cultured with in vitro neural networks for motion control tasks: encoding and decoding progress and advances

Fig. 4

Advanced bidirectional communication system. a Components of the closed-loop electrophysiology system: NeuroRighter. Copyright 2010 by Frontiers Research Foundation167. Reproduced with permission. b General architecture of the open source Neuroplatform system, which has a microfluidic system to ensure the supply of nutrients. Reproduced with permission from ref. 111 (2021, CC BY 4.0). c High-speed FPGA electrophysiological system, applied to CMOS-MEAs168. Copyright 2010 by Frontiers Research Foundation. Reproduced with permission. d The Neurochip3 system achieving miniaturization and integration. Reproduced with permission from ref. 113 (2024, CC BY 4.0)

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