Fig. 6: The flow rate measurement results through our synchronous bidirectional ultrasound transmitting methodology.
From: High frame rate ultrasonic flowmeter based on PMUT array with bidirectional acoustic beams

a The one-step synchronous upstream and downstream flow monitoring in the common straight pipe (pipe A). b The synchronous flow results in the optimized zigzag-shaped pipe (pipe B). The proposed flow measurement method enables remarkable-frame rate (1000 times of upstream and downstream ToF measurements in 1 s), large-range (0.5–35 L·min–1 or 0.045–3.177 m·s–1, airflow), and high-resolution (185 ns/(L·min–1) or 2032 ns/(m·s–1)) flow metering with significant linearity (0.997)