Fig. 7: The overall flow rate measurement system and the pipe installation geometry optimization.
From: High frame rate ultrasonic flowmeter based on PMUT array with bidirectional acoustic beams

Installation geometry optimization was proposed to enhance the ToF resolution and adaptation to various pipe circumstances of our method. The flow rate measurements in conventional straight pipe (pipe A) and optimized zigzag-shaped pipe with 150 mm sufficient ultrasound propagation length (pipe B) were both taken and evaluated