Fig. 4: Demonstration and testing of the 3D-BHMN-based drug delivery module. | Microsystems & Nanoengineering

Fig. 4: Demonstration and testing of the 3D-BHMN-based drug delivery module.

From: 3D-printed barbed microneedle electrodes for biosensing and drug delivery in wound management

Fig. 4: Demonstration and testing of the 3D-BHMN-based drug delivery module.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Design schematics and pictures of the 3D-BHMN drug delivery module. b Schematics and pictures of the Franz diffusion cell with 3D-BHMN used for transdermal diffusion studies. c Time-lapse images showing coloration changes in the Franz diffusion cell during the 30-min drug delivery experiment. d Comparative analysis of drug delivery efficiency among three groups: topical delivery using a medical needle-puncture, 3D-BHMN without ultrasound, and ultrasound-enhanced 3D-BHMN

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