Table 1 Grain-size statistics for the Top, Middle, and Bottom regions of the TGV

From: Long-term high-temperature aging mechanism of copper-metallized through-glass vias: a combined nanoindentation test and hybrid Potts-phase field simulation study

Average grain size(μm)

0

84 h

168 h

504 h

1008 h

Top

0.56

1.44

1.54

1.78

1.99

Middle

0.58

1.20

1.23

1.28

1.34

Bottom

0.52

1.18

1.31

1.50

1.97

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