Fig. 5: C-rate-dependent charging characteristics and endurance.

a Specific capacity (CS) of supercapacitors (PNaS20-SCs) as a function of C-rate (0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, and 2 C), where each C-rate includes 10 charge-discharge cycles conducted over different time intervals. b Device potential (inset: Cs) as a function of C-rate. c Capacitance and potential variations over repeated charge-discharge cycles by charging for 1 s at JAPP = 0.1 mA/g and discharging for 1 s at JAPP = 0 mA/g (inset: change of device potential as a function of cycle time (s)). d Demonstration of operating a green LED using a single PNaS20-SC device charged to 2.42 V