Table 2 Regions of the DMN.
From: The habenula in mood disorders: A systematic review of human studies
Authors | Sample composition | Results | Peak MNI coordinates |
|---|---|---|---|
Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) | |||
Elias et al. [51] | 12 MDD/BD/AN with depressive symptoms | RSFC between the whole habenula and a cluster in the mPFC was higher when DBS of the SCC stimulation was turned on compared to when it was turned off. | Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: mPFC For this study, we could not find the precise coordinates, as they did not appear to be in the article or the Supplementary Material. |
Ely et al. [35] | 25 LSD 25 HSD | Higher RSFC between the whole habenula and the left mPFC in HSD versus LSD. | Peak MNI coordinates: −10, 48, 36 AAL3 structure number: 19 AAL3 anatomical description: left SFG, medial Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left dmPFC |
Luan et al. [54] | 15 HC 15 TRD | Higher RSFC between the right habenula and the left dmPFC in TRD compared to HCs. | Peak MNI coordinates: −10, 40, 32 AAL3 structure number: 19 AAL3 anatomical description: left SFG, medial Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left medial SFG |
Higher RSFC between the right habenula and the left vmPFC in TRD compared to HCs. | Peak MNI coordinates: −8, 56, −4 AAL3 structure number: 21 AAL3 anatomical description: left SFG, medial orbital Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left medial orbitofrontal gyrus | ||
Wang et al. [78] | 65 MDD/BD | Higher RSFC between the right habenula and the left mPFC at baseline in responders compared with non-responders to ketamine treatment | Peak MNI coordinates: - 6, 54, 12 AAL3 structure number: 19 AAL3 anatomical description: left SFG, medial Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left mPFC |
Zhu et al. [87] | 47 HC 53 MDD | Higher RSFC between the left habenula and the left mPFC in MDD patients versus HCs. | Peak MNI coordinates: −9, 60, 27 AAL3 structure number: 19 AAL3 anatomical description: left SFG, medial Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left SFG, medial |
Precuneus | |||
Barreiros et al. [155] | 28 HC 35 TRD 35 TSD | Higher RSFC between the left habenula and the right precuneus in TRD patients compared to HCs and TSD patients | Peak MNI coordinates: 18, −72, 38 AAL3 structure number: 50 AAL3 anatomical description: right cuneus Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: right precuneus Note: Even though the peak coordinate was in the cuneus (AAL3), this result was classified in the precuneus because this is the vocabulary used by authors and the peak MNI for the cluster was very close to the precuneus. |
Higher RSFC between the left habenula and the left precuneus in TRD and HC compared to TSD | Peak MNI coordinates: −12, −76, 48 AAL3 structure number: 71 AAL3 anatomical description: left precuneus Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left precuneus | ||
Cao et al. [156] | 20 HC 16 D-MCI 18 Nd-MCI | RSFC between the right habenula and the bilateral precuneus was higher in D-MCI patients compared to nD-MCI patients | For the left precuneus: Peak MNI coordinates: −12, −48, 9 AAL3 structure number: 71 AAL3 anatomical description: left precuneus Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left precuneus For the right precuneus: Peak MNI coordinates: 21, −57, 15 AAL3 structure number: 72 AAL3 anatomical description: right precuneus Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: right precuneus |
Qiao et al. [157] | 35 HC 38 MDD/SI− 43 MDD/SI+ | Lower RSFC between the right habenula and the right precuneus in MDD/SI+ versus both HCs and MDD/SI- | Peak MNI coordinates: 15, −51, 21 AAL3 structure number: 72 AAL3 anatomical description: right precuneus Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: right precuneus |
Higher dFC between the left habenula and the left precuneus in MDD/SI+ | Peak MNI coordinates: −3, −72, 42 AAL3 structure number: 71 AAL3 anatomical description: left precuneus Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left precuneus | ||
Lower dFC between the left habenula and the right precuneus in MDD/SI+ and MDD/SI–, compared to HCs | Peak MNI coordinates: 9, −57, 60 AAL3 structure number: 72 AAL3 anatomical description: right precuneus Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: right precuneus | ||
Wang et al. [78] | 65 MDD/BD | RSFC between the left habenula and the left precuneus was higher in eventual responders compared to eventual non-responders to a ketamine treatment | Peak MNI coordinates: −6, −75, 30 AAL3 structure number: 49 AAL3 anatomical description: left cuneus Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left precuneus Note: Even though the peak coordinate was in the cuneus (AAL3), this result was classified in the precuneus because this is the vocabulary used by authors and the peak MNI for the cluster was very close to the precuneus. |
RSFC between the right habenula and the left precuneus was higher in eventual responders compared to eventual non-responders to a ketamine treatment | Peak MNI coordinates: −12, −69, 24 AAL3 structure number: 49 AAL3 anatomical description: left cuneus Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left precuneus Note: Even though the peak coordinate was in the cuneus (AAL3), this result was classified in the precuneus because this is the vocabulary used by authors and the peak MNI for the cluster was very close to the precuneus. | ||
Yang et al. [124] | 33 HC 26 SD 38 MDD | Lower RSFC between the whole habenula and the right precuneus in MDD patients than in HCs | Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: right precuneus For this study, we could not find the precise coordinates, as they did not appear to be in the article or the Supplementary Material. |
Angular gyrus | |||
Ambrosi et al. [154] | 75 HC 74 MDD/BD SB− 123 MDD/BD SB+ | Higher RSFC between the left habenula and the left angular gyrus in MDD/BD patients compared to HCs | Peak MNI coordinates: −36, −62, 50 AAL3 structure number: 65 AAL3 anatomical description: left IPG, excluding supramarginal and angular gyri Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left angular gyrus Note: Even though the peak coordinate was in the IPG (AAL3), this result was classified in the angular gyrus because this is the vocabulary used by authors and the peak MNI for the cluster was very close to the angular gyrus. |
Gao et al. [80] | 25 HC 23 MDD | RSFC between the left angular gyrus and both the left and the right habenula was higher following ECT | Peak MNI coordinates: −50, −52, 34 AAL3 structure number: 69 AAL3 anatomical description: left angular gyrus Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left angular gyrus |
Qiao et al. [157] | 35 HC 38 MDD/SI− 43 MDD/SI+ | Lower dFC between the right habenula and the left angular gyrus in MDD patients than in HCs | Peak MNI coordinates: −48, −60, 51 AAL3 structure number: 65 AAL3 anatomical description: left IPG, excluding supramarginal and angular gyri Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left angular gyrus Note: Even though the peak coordinate was in the IPG (AAL3), this result was classified in the angular gyrus because this is the vocabulary used by authors and the peak MNI for the cluster was very close to the angular gyrus. |
Wang et al. [78] | 65 MDD/BD | After a ketamine treatment, individuals who responded positively displayed a reduction in RSFC between the right habenula and the left angular gyrus | Peak MNI coordinates: −42, −63, 18 AAL3 structure number: 89 AAL3 anatomical description: left MTG Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left angular gyrus Note: Even though the peak coordinate was in the MTG (AAL3), this result was classified in the angular gyrus because this is the vocabulary used by authors and the peak MNI for the cluster was very close to the angular gyrus. |
After a ketamine treatment, individuals who responded positively displayed a reduction in RSFC between the right habenula and a cluster located in the right angular gyrus | Peak MNI coordinates: 60, − 57, 21 AAL3 structure number: 86 AAL3 anatomical description: right STG Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: right angular gyrus Note: Even though the peak coordinate was in the STG (AAL3), this result was classified in the angular gyrus because this is the vocabulary used by authors and the peak MNI for the cluster was very close to the angular gyrus. | ||
Middle temporal gyrus (MTG) | |||
Ambrosi et al. [154] | 75 HC 74 MDD/BD SB− 123 MDD/BD SB+ | Higher RSFC between the left habenula and the left MTG in MDD patients than in HCs | Peak MNI coordinates: −52, −10, −24 AAL3 structure number: 89 AAL3 anatomical description: left MTG Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left MTG |
Ely et al. [35] | 25 LSD 25 HSD | Higher RSFC between the whole habenula and the left MTG in HSD patients compared to LSD patients | Peak MNI coordinates: −50, −10, −14 and −68, −18, −4 (there were two clusters) AAL3 structure number: 89 for both clusters AAL3 anatomical description: left MTG Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left MTG |
Higher RSFC between the whole habenula and the right MTG in HSD patients compared to LSD patients | Peak MNI coordinates: 58, 8, −18 and 62, −4, −26 (there were two clusters) AAL3 structure number: 92 for the first cluster and 90 for the second cluster AAL3 anatomical description: right temporal pole: MTG for the first cluster, and right MTG for the second cluster Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: right MTG | ||
Wang et al. [78] | 65 MDD/BD | Stronger baseline RSFC between the right habenula and the right MTG in responders to a ketamine treatment compared to non-responders | Peak MNI coordinates: 69, −30, −18 AAL3 structure number: 94 AAL3 anatomical description: right ITG Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: right MTG Note: Even though the peak coordinate was in the ITG (AAL3), this result was classified in the MTG because this is the vocabulary used by authors and the peak MNI for the cluster was very close to the MTG. |
Yang et al. [124] | 33 HC 26 SD 38 MDD | Lower RSFC between the whole habenula and the right MTG in MDD patients compared to HCs | Peak MNI coordinates: 66, −48, −6 AAL3 structure number: 90 AAL3 anatomical description: right MTG Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: right MTG |
Parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) | |||
Ambrosi et al. [154] | 75 HC 74 MDD/BD SB− 123 MDD/BD SB+ | Higher RSFC between the left habenula and the left PHG in MDD/BD SB+ compared to HCs and MDD/BD SB- | Peak MNI coordinates: –30, –22, –22 AAL3 structure number: 43 AAL3 anatomical description: left PHG Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left PHG |
Poblete et al. [83] | 291 NAT psychiatric inpatients 132 ATT psychiatric inpatients | Higher RSFC between the left habenula and the left PHG in psychiatric inpatients with a history of past suicide attempts compared to psychiatric inpatients without such history | Peak MNI coordinates: the PHG was an ROI, coordinates were not provided, but authors indicated that the AAL nomenclature corresponding to this ROI was “parahippocampus” AAL3 structure number: 43 AAL3 anatomical description: left PHG Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left subiculum |
Rivas-Grajales et al. [77] | 35 MDD | An increase in RSFC between the right habenula and the right PHG following a ketamine treatment was associated with a decrease in depression scores. | Peak MNI coordinates: 12, −12, −34 AAL3 structure number: this coordinate is outside the brain in AAL3 AAL3 anatomical description: this coordinate is outside the brain in AAL3 Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: right PHC Note: Even though the peak coordinate was outside the brain (AAL3), this result was classified in the PHG because this is the vocabulary used by authors and the peak MNI for the cluster was relatively close to the PHG. |
Posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) | |||
Ambrosi et al. [154] | 75 HC 74 MDD/BD SB− 123 MDD/BD SB+ | MDD/BD patients had higher RSFC between the left habenula and the left PCC, compared to HCs | Peak MNI coordinates: –2, –54, 32 AAL3 structure number: 39 AAL3 anatomical description: left posterior cingulate gyrus Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: left PCC |
Elias et al. [51] | 12 MDD/BD/AN with depressive symptoms | Higher RSFC between the whole habenula and the PCC when DBS of the SCC was turned on versus when it was turned off | Vocabulary used by the authors in the paper: posterior cingulate gyrus For this study, we could not find the precise coordinates, as they did not appear to be in the article or the Supplementary Material. |
