Table 3 Description of the microRNAs reported as significantly dysregulated in the literature.
microRNA | dlPFC expression (mean RPM)* | Regulation | EFs | EFs test | Disorder | Source of miRNA information | Specifications | Humans | Animals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
miR-101 | 17,310 (3p) 7.8 (5p) | up | increased | Novel object recognition | Alzheimer’s Disease | Injected in the nose | - | - | Berchenko [115] |
miR-1207-5p | NM | down | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
miR-124-3p | 5035.2 | up | declined | 8-arm maze test | Intoxication with fluoride | Brain | Hippocampus | - | Wang [102] |
down | declined | DMP water maze | Age-related MCI | Genetic modification | - | - | Liu [109] | ||
down | increased | Plus maze | Selected miRNA inhibition | Brain | Intrahippocampal inhibition | - | Malmevik [108] | ||
miR-126-3p | 29,702.2 | up | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
hsa-mir-1260b-3p | 3.9 (single isoform) | down | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
hsa-mir-1260b-5p | 3.9 (single isoform) | down | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
miR-1282 | NM | down | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
miR-132 | 875.0 (3p) 625.4 (5p) | up | declined | Humans: Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift Rodents: 8-arm maze test | Humans: MDD Rodents: Intoxication with fluoride | Humans: peripheral blood Rodents: Brain | Humans: Whole blood, Rodents: Hippocampus | Qi [81] | Wang [102] |
miR-133a-5p | 2.6 | up | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
miR-139-5p | 5939.2 | down | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
miR-146a-5p | 921.5 | up | declined | Humans: Digit span (forward and backward) for working memory; digit symbol test, trail making tests for the executive function domain. Rodents: Morris water maze | MCI | Peripheral blood | Blood | Islam [40] | Islam [40] |
miR-148a-3p | 4412.9 | up | declined | Humans: Digit span (forward and backward) for working memory; digit symbol test, trail making tests for the executive function domain (Islam 2021). Trail making tests, Controlled Oral Word Association (O’Meara 2019). Rodents: Morris water maze. | MCI (Islam 2021), HIV (O’Meara 2019) | Peripheral blood | Blood | Islam [40] | |
miR-152-3p | 835.9 | up | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
miR-155 | 88.3 (5p) | down | increased | Y-maze (Henry 2019), Morris Water Maze (Liu 2019) | TBI (Henry 2019), Alzheimer’s Disease (Liu 2019) | Brain | Cortex and hippocampus (Henry [111]), hippocampus (Liu [116]) | - | |
miR-16-5p | 1318.3 | up | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
up | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] | ||
miR-181a-5p | 20,501.4 | up | declined | Humans: Digit span (forward and backward) for working memory; digit symbol test, trail making tests for the executive function domain. Rodents: Morris water maze | Mild cognitive impairment | Peripheral blood | Blood | Islam [40] | Islam [40] |
miR-181b-5p | 3966.1 | up | declined | MCCB | Schizophrenia | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Gou [90] | - |
miR-183-5p | 25.0 | up | declined | Radial arm water maze | HIV | Brain | PFC and Hippocampus | - | Zhu [98] |
miR-190a | 1.8 (3p) 55.9 (5p) | down | declined | Y-maze | Intoxication with anesthetics | Brain | Hippocampus and mPFC | - | Shan [104] |
miR-190b | 1.4 (5p) | down | declined | Y-maze | Intoxication with anesthetics | Brain | Hippocampus and mPFC | - | Shan [104] |
miR-190b-5p | 1.4 | up | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
miR-1910-5p | NM | down | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
miR-195 | 29.0 (3p) 650.3 (5p) | either | non-significant | MCCB total score and seven domains | Schizophrenia | Peripheral blood | Blood | Pan [84] | - |
mmu-miR-199a-5p | 217.6 | up | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
mmu-miR-199b-3p | 608.9 | up | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
mmu-miR-199b-5p | 80.5 | up | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
miR-200b-3p | 38.6 | up | declined | RAWM | HIV | Brain | PFC and Hippocampus | - | Zhu [98] |
miR-200c-3p | 10.7 | up | declined | RAWM | HIV | Brain | PFC and Hippocampus | - | Zhu [98] |
up | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - | ||
miR-206 | 2.9 | down | increased | Y-maze | Induced aging | Intraventricular injection | Hippocampus analyzed | - | Zhang [99] |
miR-216b-3p | NM | up | declined | Trail Making tests, Controlled Oral Word Association | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | O'Meara [85] | - |
miR-216b-5p | 2.2 | down | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
miR-2214 | NM | up | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
miR-222-3p | NM | down | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
miR-27a | 2729.1 (3p) 2.2 (5p) | down | non-significant | Trail Making tests, and the Stroop Color-Word Test | End-stage renal disease | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Bijkerk [94] | - |
mmu-miR-28a-3p | 324.2 | up | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
miR-29b | 2050.4 (3p) 2.2 (1-5p) 50.9 (2-5p) | up | increased | Stroop Color-Word Test and Trail Making Test B | Parkinson | Peripheral blood | Serum | Han [89] | - |
miR-30a | 604.9 (3p) 12,531.5 (5p) | down | declined | Y-maze | Intoxication with anesthetics | Brain | Hippocampus and mPFC | - | Shan [104] |
miR-30e | 793.6 (3p) 3623.6 (5p) | up | declined | Radial arm maze (Chu 2022), Morris water maze (Xu [100]) | Intoxication with plastic particles (Chu 2015), selected miRNA overexpression (Xu [100]) | Brain | PFC (Chu 2022), Brain (Xu [100]) | - | |
miR-31 | 4.5 (3p) 92 (5p) | down | declined | Y-maze | Intoxication with anesthetics | Brain | Hippocampus and mPFC | - | Shan [104] |
miR-31-5p | 92 | up | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
miR-3138 | NM | up | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
miR-3201 | NM | down | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
miR-320e | NM | up | increased | Executive function assessment | Cerebral Small Vessel Disease | Peripheral blood | Blood | Wang [76] | - |
miR-326 | 76.7 | down | non-significant | Trail Making tests, and the Stroop Colour Word Test | End-stage renal disease | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Bijkerk [94] | - |
miR-34a | 1.9 (3p) 529.2 (5p) | up | declined | T-maze/Y-maze | Selected miRNA overexpression | Genetic modification | Hippocampus and prefrontal cortex analyzed | - | Sarkar [105] |
miR-34c-5p | 220.0 | down | non-significant | Plus maze | Selected miRNA inhibition | Brain | Intrahippocampal inhibition | - | Malmevik [108] |
up | declined | Trail Making tests | MDD | Peripheral blood | Blood samples | Sun [79] | - | ||
mmu-miR-369-5p | 154.5 | up | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
miR-374b-5p | NM | up | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
mmu-miR-383-3p | NM | up | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
miR-384-5p | NM | up | increased | Morris water maze | ADHD | Intraventricular injection | PFC analyzed | - | Xu [101] |
down | declined | Morris water maze | ADHD | Intraventricular injection | PFC analyzed | - | Xu [101] | ||
miR-3917 | NM | down | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
miR-4279 | NM | up | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
miR-429-3p | 8.9 (single isoform) | up | declined | Radial arm water maze | HIV | Brain | PFC and Hippocampus | - | Zhu [98] |
miR-4423-3p | NM | down | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
miR-4734 | NM | down | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
miR-485-3p | 227.0 | down | increased | Y-maze | Alzheimer’s Disease | Intraventricular injection | - | - | Koh [110] |
miR-501-3p | NM | down | increased | Y-maze | vascular cognitive impairment | Intraperitoneal injection | - | - | Toyama [103] |
up | declined | MOCA executive function domain | Mild cognitive impairment | Peripheral blood | Blood | Toyama [78] | - | ||
miR-504–5p | NM | up | declined | Trail Making tests, Controlled Oral Word Association | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | O'Meara [85] | - |
miR-518e-3p | NM | down | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
miR-520a-5p | NM | down | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
mmu-miR-551b-3p | 7.6 | up | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
miR-652-3p | NM | up | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
miR-663a | NM | down | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
mmu-miR-708-5p | 622.5 | up | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
miR-9 | 6820 (3p) 144,593.6 (5p) | up | increased | Ratio scores for Digits, Color trails, Stroop | Mild cognitive impairment | Saliva | Exosomes | Anderson-Hanley [97] | - |
miR-9-5p | 144,593.6 | down | non-significant | Plus maze | Selected miRNA inhibition | Brain | Intrahippocampal inhibition | - | Malmevik [108] |
up | increased | Y-maze | Hipoxia-ischemia | Brain | Cortex | - | Gai [112] | ||
mmu-miR-98-5p | NM | up | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
miR-let-7c-5p | 6426.2 | up | declined | Digit Span Test, Verbal Fluency Test, and Trail Making Test-B | MCI in T2DM | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Zhang [75] | - |
miR-let-7f-5p | 34,639.5 | up | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
miR-let-7g-5p | 33,529.9 | up | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
miR-let-7i | 22.1 (3p) 16,512.4 (5p) | up | increased | Digit Span Backward | HIV | Peripheral blood | Plasma | Aparicio [95] | - |
miR-let-7i-5p | 16,512.4 | up | declined | Radial arm maze | Intoxication with plastic particles | Brain | PFC | - | Chu [119] |
