Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants with different dietary patterns

n

1053

124

697

1044

Age, years

54.1 (9)

53.6 (8.5)

52.6 (8.7)

52.7 (9.8)

0.001

BMI, kg/m²

22.8 (2.8)

23.2 (3.4)

23.3 (3.1)

23.8 (3.3)

<.001

Waist (all), cm

74.6 (7.8)

75.7 (9.2)

75.5 (8)

77.4 (8.8)

<.001

 Female*

73.5 (7.3)

74.6 (9.4)

74.1 (7.6)

74.8 (7.8)

0.011

 Male**

80.7 (7.3)

81.3 (6.2)

80.6 (7.2)

82 (8.4)

0.16

Weight (all), kg

56.6 (8.3)

57.6 (9.2)

58.7 (9.1)

61.2 (10.4)

<.001

 Female*

55.1 (7.4)

55.9 (8.8)

56.9 (8.3)

57.6 (8.4)

<.001

 Male**

64.1 (8.6)

65.9 (6)

65.6 (8.4)

67.5 (10.5)

0.002

Height (all), cm

158 (6)

157 (7)

159 (7)

160 (8)

<.001

 Female*

156 (5)

156 (5)

157 (6)

156 (6)

0.09

 Male**

166 (5)

167 (6)

167 (6)

167 (6)

0.26

Fasting glucose, mg/dL

90 (8)

92 (8)

91 (9)

92 (9)

<.001

Female, %

84

83

79

63

<.001

 Elementary

28

27

22

23

0.003

 Secondary

52

56

55

51

 College

20

17

24

26

 Elementary

30

29

24

26

0.22

 Secondary

53

55

56

55

 College

17

16

20

19

 Elementary

19

19

14

17

0.79

 Secondary

46

57

50

45

 College

36

24

35

38

 <30

38

45

36

35

0.09

 30–180

33

30

35

33

 >180

29

25

28

33

 <30

39

48

38

38

0.62

 30–180

33

28

35

35

 >180

28

24

27

28

 <30

35

33

30

29

0.25

 30–180

31

38

37

29

 >180

34

29

33

42

Family history of diabetes, %

27

26

29

31

0.18

 Health examination

84

79

89

75

<.001

 Questionnaire only

16

21

11

25

Metabolic syndrome, %

14

17

10

15

0.035

Fatty liver, %

49

53

50

56

0.008

Impaired fasting glucose, %

11

15

14

17

0.001

 <18.5

5

4

3

2

<.001

 18.5–23.9

65

58

60

55

 24.0–26.9

23

27

28

27

 ≥27.0

7

10

9

15

Elevated TG, %

17

20

13

17

0.026

Low HDL-C, %

38

29

26

24

<.001

Use of lipid medication, %

1.6

2.4

2.0

3.1

0.15