Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 45 314 EPIC-Oxford participants by diet group
Characteristics | Regular meat eaters ≥50 g/day | Low meat eaters <50 g/day | Fish eaters | Vegetarians |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD), or n (%) | N=15,181 | N=7615 | N=7092 | N=15,426 |
Socio-demographic | ||||
Age, yearsa | 49.5 (12.9) | 47.3 (13.5) | 41.8 (12.7) | 39.3 (13.0) |
Sex, women (%) | 11,133 (73) | 6041 (79) | 5822 (82) | 11,581 (75) |
Top socio-economic quartile (%)b,c | 3943 (30) | 1614 (25) | 1336 (22) | 2876 (21) |
Higher education (%)b | 3951 (28) | 2988 (42) | 3148 (46) | 6382 (43) |
Lifestyle and health | ||||
Current smokers (%) | 1913 (13) | 835 (11) | 718 (10) | 1592 (10) |
Alcohol consumption, g/day | 10.7 (13.5) | 9.2 (11.5) | 10.2 (12.4) | 9.3 (12.8) |
Moderate/high physical activity (%)b | 4009 (30) | 2379 (36) | 2560 (41) | 5579 (40) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.6 (3.9) | 23.4 (3.5) | 22.9 (3.4) | 22.8 (3.4) |
Diet | ||||
Total meat & meat products (g/day) | 99.8 (41.6) | 28.1 (12.8) | – | – |
Red & processed meat(g/day) | 65.4 (38.1) | 18.8 (10.3) | – | – |
Total fish & fish products (g/day) | 43.8 (28.8) | 38.4 (29.3) | 38.6 (33.3) | 0.6 (5.1) |
Animal milk (ml/day)b | 334.9 (183.1) | 299.2 (185.2) | 273.7 (189.0) | 232.4 (207.8) |
Total dairy cheese (g/day) | 19.7 (17.5) | 22.8 (20.4) | 27.4 (24.1) | 26.8 (25.4) |
Total beans, pulses & soya productsd (g/day) | 25.8 (25.9) | 35.4 (35.9) | 57.9 (44.1) | 74.7 (56.7) |
Total nuts and nut butters (g/day) | 4.0 (7.8) | 6.2 (11.3) | 7.9 (11.6) | 10.6 (16.1) |
Total fresh fruit (g/day) | 248.5 (185.9) | 294.7 (237.9) | 289.8 (226.3) | 284.1 (240.0) |
Total fresh vegetables (g/day) | 248.1 (123.5) | 257.6 (145.9) | 285.5 (147.0) | 293.7 (162.4) |
Total energy (kJ/day) | 8627 (2225) | 7628 (2137) | 7926 (2199) | 7821(2232) |
Carbohydrate (%E) | 46.8 (5.8) | 50.5 (6.3) | 50.9 (6.5) | 52.8 (6.8) |
Total sugars (%E) | 23.6 (5.3) | 25.8 (6.2) | 25.0 (6.2) | 25.3 (6.6) |
Added sugars (%E) | 9.1 (4.6) | 8.2 (4.7) | 7.9 (4.2) | 8.5 (4.6) |
Intrinsic sugars (%E) | 14.6 (5.3) | 17.6 (6.4) | 17.1 (6.4) | 16.8 (6.8) |
Starch (%E) | 23.3 (4.7) | 24.9 (5.4) | 26.2 (5.5) | 27.9 (5.9) |
Total fibre (g) | 18.4 (6.4) | 19.4 (7.4) | 21.1 (7.4) | 22.1 (8.0) |
Protein (%E) | 17.6 (3.0) | 15.5 (2.5) | 14.6 (2.3) | 13.6 (2.1) |
Protein from animal products (%E) | 10.9 (2.9) | 7.7 (2.6) | 5.8 (2.4) | 3.7 (2.3) |
Protein from plant products (%E) | 5.8 (1.1) | 6.7 (1.3) | 7.2 (1.4) | 7.8 (1.7) |
Total fat (%E) | 32.0 (5.6) | 30.5 (6.2) | 30.8 (6.3) | 30.2 (6.6) |
Saturated fat (%E) | 11.8 (3.2) | 10.9 (3.4) | 10.6 (3.3) | 10.2 (3.5) |
Monounsaturated fat (%E) | 11.0 (2.2) | 10.0 (2.4) | 9.9 (2.4) | 9.7 (2.6) |
Polyunsaturated fat (%E) | 6.3 (1.8) | 6.4 (2.2) | 7.0 (2.2) | 7.1 (2.5) |
EPA (%E) | 0.033 (0.024) | 0.033 (0.027) | 0.032 (0.030) | 0.002 (0.007) |
DHA (%E) | 0.059 (0.043) | 0.059 (0.048) | 0.057 (0.053) | 0.004 (0.012) |
