Table 3 Metabolic parameters according to classification of diabetes

From: Cardiometabolic importance of 1-h plasma glucose in obese subjects

 

NGT (n = 464)

IGT (n = 549)

Probably diabetes (n = 88)

Diabetes (n = 22)

p-value

Adjusted for age and gender

Age (year)

37.64 ± 11.9

46.1 ± 12.4

51.0 ± 10.2

48.3 ± 13.3

<0.001a,b,c,d

NA

Gender male/female (%)

109/355

173/376

42/46

15/7.0

<0.001

NA

Weight (kg)

102.7 (91.2–117.4)

106.8 (96.3–124.3)

111.4 (100.2–122.8)

122.2 (112.5–140.0)

<0.001a,b,c,d,e

<0.001a,c

BMI (kg/m2)

36.9 (32.5–40.8)

38.0 (34.5–41.9)

38.7 (35.5–42.4)

40.7 (37.8–45.4)

<0.001a,c

<0.001a,b,c

Waist (cm)

111.5 ± 13.6

117.9 ± 14.0

122.5 ± 14.2

129.2 ± 10.1

<0.001a,b,c,d,e

<0.001a,b,c

WHR

0.90 (0.84–0.98)

0.98 (0.90–1.05)

1.05 (0.98–1.12)

1.08 (0.99–1.17)

<0.001a,b,c,d,e

<0.001a,b,c,d

Fat mass (FM%)

50.3 (44.3–54.5)

48.9 (42.7–54.3)

45.8 (39.4–53.5)

47.1 (42.0–53.9)

NS

NS

TAT (cm2)

753.1 ± 179.6

813.6 ± 179.6

809.0 ± 178.1

905.7 ± 186.3

<0.001a,,c

<0.001a,c

VAT (cm2)

157.0 ± 70

213.9 ± 88.8

265.9 ± 102.5

301.6 ± 101.0

<0.001a,b,c,d,e

<0.001a,b,c,d,e

SAT (cm2)

598 (483–713)

595 (491–703)

541 (450–633)

600 (475–684)

0.027a,d

0.001a

VAT/SAT

0.29 ± 0.17

0.39 ± 0.26

0.53 ± 0.28

0.53 ± 0.21

<0.001a,b,c,d,e

NS

Anti hypertensive drugs; yes (%)

79 (24.1)

197 (60.1)

41 (1.0)

11 (3.4)

<0.001a,b,c,d,e

<0.001a,b,c,e,f

Lipid lowering drugs; yes (%)

18 (14.8)

80 (65.6)

19 (15.6)

5 (4.1)

<0.001a,b,c,e,f

<0.001a,b,c,e,f

Bp syst (mm Hg)

75 (68–82)

78 (70–85)

78 (71–85)

80 (76–82)

<0.001a,b,c

0.024a

Bp diast (mm Hg)

123.5 (116–135)

129 (120–140)

131 (122–142)

134 (123–144)

0.002a,b

NS

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

196 (174–221)

203 (177–229)

192 (164-233)

208 (178–236)

0.045a

NS

HDL-C (mg/dL)

50 (41–61)

48 (40–58)

44 (38–54)

40(34–52)

<0.001a,b,c

0.001a,b,c,d

LDL-C (mg/dL)

119 (98–142)

122 (102–145)

115 (87–148)

126 (90–143)

NS

NS

Fasting TG (mg/dL)

115 (83–160)

140 (108–187)

147 (101–202)

190 (132–309)

<0.001a,b,c,e,f

<0.001a,b,c,e,f

MetS yes (%)

162 (28.2)

320 (55.7)

71 (12.4)

21 (3.7)

<0.001a,b,c,e,f

<0.001a,b,c,e,f

HOMA-IR

2.41 (1.55–3.59)

3.40 (2.13–5.12)

5.47 (2.95–8.38)

12.05 (9.53–17.15)

<0.001a,b,c,d,e,f

<0.001a,b,c,d,e,f

hs-CRP (mg/dL)

0.46 (0.22–0.95)

0.61 (0.27–1.13)

0.34 (0.15–0.69)

0.74 (0.39–1.33)

NS

0.029a,c,f

Microalbuminuria (24 h)(µg/min)

6.2 (3.6–10.0)

7.0 (4.2–12.8)

9.0 (4.916.0)

16.8 (8.8–22.4)

<0.001a,b,c,d,e,f

NS

PAI-1 (ng/mL)

1.65 (0.80–3.23)

2.20 (1.00–3.80)

2.80 (1.50–5.30)

4.65 (3.55–9.30)

<0.001a,b,c,d,e,f

<0.001a,b,c,d,e

Fibrinogen

393.1 ± 82.7

402.2 ± 86.8

395.7 ± 79.9

420.9 ± 78.6

NS

NS

Gluc 0 (mg/dL)

80(76–86)

87 (80–95)

101 (94–111)

149 (130–191)

<0.001a,b,c,d,e,f

0.001a,b,c,d,e,f

Gluc 60 (mg/dL)

134 (117–155)

165 (146–189)

218 (197-241)

276 (245–312)

<0.001a,b,c,d,e,f

0.001a,b,c,d,e,f

Gluc 120 (mg/dL)

114 (97–127)

152 (139–168)

220 (209–243)

278 (271–338)

<0.001a,b,c,d,e,f

0.001a,b,c,d,e,f

AUC glucose

20,633 (18,833–22,331)

25,290 (23,321–27,608)

34,560 (32,381–37,920)

46,110 (41,838–53,128)

<0.001a,b,c,d,e,f

<0.001a,b,c,d,e,f

HbA1c (%)

5.3 (5.2–5.5)

5.7 (5.4–5.9)

6.2 (5.8–6.7)

7.9 (6.9–8.2)

<0.001a,b,c,d,e,f

0.001a,b,c,d,e,f

Fasting insulin (mlU/L)

12.1 (7.8–18.2)

15.5 (10.3–23.1)

19.2 (12.0–31.4)

33.4 (23.2–42.8)

<0.001a,b,c,d,e,f

0.001a,b,c,d,e,f

Fasting C-peptide (nmol/L)

0.90 (0.72–1.11)

1.11 (0.89–1.38)

1.46 (1.04–1.77)

1.77 (1.51–2.13)

<0.001a,b,c,d,e,f

0.001a,b,c,d,e,f

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± SD or as median (Q1–Q3), if appropriate
  2. BMI body mass index, WHR waist-hip ratio, TAT total abdominal adipose tissue, VAT visceral abdominal adipose tissue, SAT subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, Bp diast diastolic blood pressure, Bp syst systolic blood pressure, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol TG triglycerides, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment insulin-resistance, hs-CRP high-sensitive C-reactive protein, PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, Gluc plasma glucose, AUC area under the curve, NGT normal glucose tolerance, IFG impaired fasting glucose, IGT impaired glucose tolerance, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c
  3. Tuckey post hoc test/Mann–Whitney U test
  4. aComparing NGT to IGT (p < 0.05)
  5. bComparing NGT to probably diabetes (p < 0.05)
  6. cComparing NGT to diabetes(p < 0.05)
  7. dComparing IGT to probably diabetes (p < 0.05)
  8. eComparing IGT to diabetes(p < 0.05)
  9. fComparing probably diabetes to diabetes (p < 0.05)
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