Table 2 Stress hormones, oxidative stress, and HOMA-IR injury in Control and GDM women.

From: Stress adaptation is associated with insulin resistance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

 

Control

GDM

Glucagon (mU/L)

140.52 ± 22.13

172.05 ± 20.61b

E (ng/L)

348.56 ± 99.56

476.89 ± 111.09a

NE (ng/L)

148.57 ± 51.13

200.70 ± 50.08a

Cortisol (nmol/L)

464.62 ± 110

502.75 ± 124

MDA (μmol/L)

11.02 ± 3.42

16.86 ± 4.35a

SOD (U/mL)

147.65 ± 18.24

96.72 ± 16.27b

GSH (mg/L)

23.45 ± 6.05

19.28 ± 4.75b

HOMA-IR

1.96 ± 0.45

2.33 ± 0.31b

  1. E epinephrine, NE noradrenaline, MDA malondialdehyde, SOD superoxide dismutase, GSH glutathione.
  2. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error.
  3. aP < 0.05 vs. Control group.
  4. bP < 0.01 vs. Control group.
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