Table 3 Metabolic responses to infant formulas, varying in type and quantity of protein, and human milk.
INTACT n = 29 | PHw n = 29 | HPPHW n = 28 | HM n = 8 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Insulin, μIU/ml | iAUC | 11.79 | (6.56) | 11.92 | (7.13) | 18.66 | (11.62) | 13.10 | (6.41) |
Cmax | 40.88 | (26.55) | 40.29 | (25.94) | 57.24 | (29.26) | 43.36 | (22.73) | |
Glucose, mmol/l | iAUC | 0.24 | (0.21) | 0.24 | (0.25) | 0.45 | (0.39) | 0.40 | (0.28) |
Cmax | 5.83 | (0.92) | 5.86 | (1.02) | 6.25 | (0.87) | 6.14 | (0.63) | |
Active GLP-1, pmol/l | iAUC | 5.28 | (3.46) | 3.80 | (2.28) | 4.62 | (2.48) | 2.55 | (1.24) |
C-peptides, ng/ml | iAUC | 0.84 | (0.65) | 0.83 | (0.62) | 1.34 | (1.03) | 0.90 | (0.54) |
Glucagon, pg/ml | iAUC | 5.31 | (7.16) | 4.04 | (5.44) | 4.01 | (5.78) | 2.31 | (3.79) |
Triglycerides, mol/l | iAUC | 189.8 | (175.8) | 183.2 | (116.5) | 291.6 | (162.2) | 181.4 | (131.1) |
Free fatty acids, μmol/l | nAUC | −143.4 | (107.2) | −150.1 | (123.0) | −165.8 | (136.8) | −187.1 | (102.1) |
Essential AA, mol/l | iAUC | 116.2 | (26.4) | 86.7 | (28.7) | 156.8 | (58.0) | 93.3 | (37.9) |
