Table 2 Data of baseline, 18 months, and 30 months for patients in the traditional diet and the low-carbohydrate diet.

From: The potential prolonged effect at one-year follow-up after 18-month randomized controlled trial of a 90 g/day low-carbohydrate diet in patients with type 2 diabetes

Characteristics

Group

Baseline

18 months

ap-value

30 months

bp-value

Within group

Mean of percentage change

Between group

cp-value

dp-value

Carbohydrate (g/d)

TDD

234.9 ± 54.3

151.1 ± 29.8

<0.001*

195.1 ± 50.2*

<0.001*

<.0001*

30.51 (19.45 ~ 41.57)

0.0455*

LCD

240.6 ± 75.1

88.0 ± 29.9

 

131.8 ± 53.9*

 

<.0001*

55.16 (33.37 ~ 76.95)

 

Protein (g/d)

TDD

72.9 ± 26.8

72.0 ± 18.5

0.018*

60.5 ± 19.4

0.153

0.0037*

−14.33 (−23.37 ~ −5.29)

0.9055

LCD

71.4 ± 18.7

82.4.3 ± 22.1

 

68.2 ± 24.5

 

0.0011*

−15.13 (−25.33 ~ −4.93)

 

Fat (g/d)

TDD

65.6 ± 26.0

67.2 ± 22.2

0.16

45.4 ± 17.3

0.299

<.0001*

−0.22 (−2.57 ~ 2.13)

0.9604

LCD

58.3 ± 25,7

73.1 ± 16.9

 

49.5 ± 16.0

 

<.0001*

−0.12 (−3.58 ~ 3.34)

 

Polyunsaturated fat (g/d)

TDD

10.2 ± 5.7

8.8 ± 3.4

0.047*

7.9 ± 4.2

0.956

0.5692

10.08 (−16.56 ~ 36.72)

0.4907

LCD

9.4 ± 5.1

9.9 ± 7.2

 

7.8 ± 3.5

 

0.0254*

−1.83 (−24.55 ~ 20.89)

 

Monounsaturated fat (g/d)

TDD

12.4 ± 7.3

12.2 ± 4.9*

0.008*

10.6 ± 6.1

0.144

0.297

1.92 (−24.31 ~ 28.15)

0.9293

LCD

12.7 ± 7.3

17.4 ± 7.8*

 

12.7 ± 5.8

 

0.0191*

3.65 (−25.78 ~ 33.08)

 

Saturated fat (g/d)

TDD

13.5 ± 8.3

9.9 ± 3.7*

0.009*

10.1 ± 5.9

0.434

0.8443

17.44 (−13.15 ~ 48.03)

0.1495

LCD

13.8 ± 6.7

13.9 ± 8.5*

 

11.2 ± 5.1

 

0.0133*

−8.39 (−27.25 ~ 10.47)

 

Energy (Kcal/d)

TDD

1779.2 ± 474.0

1461.0 ± 251.0

0.521

1409.6 ± 352.9

0.023*

0.3629

−2.58 (−10.35 ~ 5.20)

0.058

LCD

1747.1 ± 468.4

1418.7 ± 290.8

 

1221.2 ± 325.2

 

0.0007*

−12.53 (−19.61 ~ −5.46)

 
  1. TDD traditional diabetic diet (n = 35), LCD low carbohydrate diet (n = 36).
  2. Data were mean ± SD *p < 0.05.
  3. ap-value: The difference between the TDD and LCD group at 18 months by an independent t-test.
  4. bp-value: The difference between the TDD and LCD group at 30 months by an independent t-test.
  5. cp-value: The mean of percentage change from 18 to 30 months within groups by a paired t-test.
  6. dp-value: The mean of percentage change from 18 to 30 months between groups by an independent t-test.
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