Table 1 Characteristics of pregnant women in the GDM group and non-GDM group.

From: Sex-specific mediating effect of gestational weight gain between pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational diabetes mellitus

Factor

non-GDM group

GDM group

t/χ2

P value

n (%)

61026 (90.0%)

6751 (10.0%)

  

Age, year

27.97 (4.10)

29.78 (4.18)

−33.929

<0.001

Ethnic Han, n (%)

58400 (95.7%)

6473 (95.9%)

0.508

0.476

Multiparity, n (%)

18182 (29.8%)

2156 (31.9%)

13.281

0.601

Education >12 years, n (%)

38075 (62.4%)

4474 (66.3%)

39.166

<0.001

Active smoking, n (%)

223 (0.4%)

47 (0.7%)

16.762

0.001

Family history of diabetes, n (%)

1199 (2.0%)

279 (4.1%)

133.936

<0.001

SBP, mmHg

106.44 (16.54)

109.57 (21.14)

−14.324

<0.001

DBP, mmHg

68.89 (7.78)

70.97 (8.30)

−19.662

<0.001

Gestational age of weight gain measure, week

25.95 (0.95)

25.97 (0.91)

−1.669

0.095

Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2

22.37 (3.59)

24.29 (4.18)

−36.44

<0.001

Gestational weight gain, kg

7.77 (4.38)

7.11 (4.52)

−15.213

<0.001a

Fetal sex (boy), n (%)b

31373 (51.4%)

3561 (52.7%)

4.316

0.038

  1. GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BMI body mass index.
  2. aIndependent sample Mann–Whitney U test was performed; bsex determination was not performed in eight stillbirths.
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