Table 1 Detailed cluster-specific analysis for all numerical and categorical variables.
Identified clusters | Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 |
Cluster size (N) | 2898 | 2301 | 2226 | 1315 |
Cont. variables (Mean ± SE) | ||||
Age (years) | 41.3 ± 0.14 | 38.3 ± 0.19 | 39.9 ± 0.18 | 37.9 ± 0.26 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.7 ± 0.09 | 23.9 ± 0.1 | 26 ± 0.11 | 23.6 ± 0.13 |
Haemoglobin (gm/dl) | 12.5 ± 0.04 | 12.3 ± 0.04 | 12.1 ± 0.04 | 12.3 ± 0.06 |
Time to the water source (min) | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 18.6 ± 0.39 |
Cat.variables | ||||
Value for cat. variables | ||||
Sex | ||||
Male | 558 (19.25) | 457 (19.86) | 270 (12.13) | 323 (24.56) |
Female | 2340 (80.75) | 1844 (80.14) | 1956 (87.87) | 992 (75.44) |
History of asthma | ||||
No | 2737 (94.44) | 2064 (89.7) | 1999 (89.8) | 1121 (85.25) |
Yes | 161 (5.56) | 237 (10.3) | 227 (10.2) | 194 (14.75) |
History of thyroid disorder | ||||
No | 2636 (90.96) | 2135 (92.79) | 1992 (89.49) | 1196 (90.95) |
Yes | 262 (9.04) | 166 (7.21) | 234 (10.51) | 119 (9.05) |
History of heart disease | ||||
No | 2729 (94.17) | 2107 (91.57) | 1996 (89.67) | 1174 (89.28) |
Yes | 169 (5.83) | 194 (8.43) | 230 (10.33) | 141 (10.72) |
History of cancer | ||||
No | 2876 (99.24) | 2272 (98.74) | 2161 (97.08) | 1246 (94.75) |
Yes | 22 (0.76) | 29 (1.26) | 65 (2.92) | 69 (5.25) |
Ever suffered from TB | ||||
No | 2890 (99.72) | 2287 (99.39) | 2218 (99.64) | 1305 (99.24) |
Yes | 8 (0.28) | 14 (0.61) | 8 (0.36) | 10 (0.76) |
Milk/curd intake freq. | ||||
Never | 201 (6.94) | 183 (7.95) | 110 (4.94) | 123 (9.35) |
Weekly | 461 (15.91) | 551 (23.95) | 293 (13.16) | 405 (30.8) |
Occasionally | 611 (21.08) | 669 (29.07) | 447 (20.08) | 291 (22.13) |
Daily | 1625 (56.07) | 898 (39.03) | 1376 (61.81) | 496 (37.72) |
Pulses/beans intake freq. | ||||
Never | 13 (0.45) | 17 (0.74) | 18 (0.81) | 9 (0.68) |
Weekly | 255 (8.8) | 248 (10.78) | 152 (6.83) | 198 (15.06) |
Occasionally | 1263 (43.58) | 937 (40.72) | 936 (42.05) | 574 (43.65) |
Daily | 1367 (47.17) | 1099 (47.76) | 1120 (50.31) | 534 (40.61) |
Green vegetables intake freq. | ||||
Never | 7 (0.24) | 12 (0.52) | 10 (0.45) | 9 (0.68) |
Weekly | 324 (11.18) | 259 (11.26) | 279 (12.53) | 142 (10.8) |
Occasionally | 1000 (34.51) | 796 (34.59) | 792 (35.58) | 483 (36.73) |
Daily | 1567 (54.07) | 1234 (53.63) | 1145 (51.44) | 681 (51.79) |
Fruit intake freq. | ||||
Never | 50 (1.73) | 65 (2.82) | 74 (3.32) | 41 (3.12) |
Weekly | 897 (30.95) | 1148 (49.89) | 872 (39.17) | 750 (57.03) |
Occasionally | 1203 (41.51) | 818 (35.55) | 810 (36.39) | 386 (29.35) |
Daily | 748 (25.81) | 270 (11.73) | 470 (21.11) | 138 (10.49) |
Egg intake freq. | ||||
Never | 97 (3.35) | 85 (3.69) | 1983 (89.08) | 41 (3.12) |
Weekly | 1005 (34.68) | 963 (41.85) | 153 (6.87) | 520 (39.54) |
Occasionally | 1537 (53.04) | 1100 (47.81) | 80 (3.59) | 678 (51.56) |
Daily | 259 (8.94) | 153 (6.65) | 10 (0.45) | 76 (5.78) |
Fish intake freq. | ||||
Never | 222 (7.66) | 106 (4.61) | 2162 (97.12) | 83 (6.31) |
Weekly | 994 (34.3) | 1006 (43.72) | 35 (1.57) | 593 (45.1) |
Occasionally | 1210 (41.75) | 987 (42.89) | 20 (0.9) | 563 (42.81) |
Daily | 472 (16.29) | 202 (8.78) | 9 (0.4) | 76 (5.78) |
Chicken/meat intake freq. | ||||
Never | 53 (1.83) | 58 (2.52) | 2175 (97.71) | 33 (2.51) |
Weekly | 1274 (43.96) | 1150 (49.98) | 32 (1.44) | 640 (48.67) |
Occasionally | 1475 (50.9) | 1032 (44.85) | 18 (0.81) | 612 (46.54) |
Daily | 96 (3.31) | 61 (2.65) | 1 (0.04) | 30 (2.28) |
Fried food intake freq. | ||||
Never | 179 (6.18) | 161 (7) | 276 (12.4) | 95 (7.22) |
Weekly | 1275 (44) | 988 (42.94) | 1114 (50.04) | 631 (47.98) |
Occasionally | 1071 (36.96) | 849 (36.9) | 715 (32.12) | 408 (31.03) |
Daily | 373 (12.87) | 303 (13.17) | 121 (5.44) | 181 (13.76) |
Aerated drink intake freq. | ||||
Never | 512 (17.67) | 475 (20.64) | 409 (18.37) | 262 (19.92) |
Weekly | 1579 (54.49) | 1258 (54.67) | 1200 (53.91) | 744 (56.58) |
Occasionally | 597 (20.6) | 449 (19.51) | 497 (22.33) | 236 (17.95) |
Daily | 210 (7.25) | 119 (5.17) | 120 (5.39) | 73 (5.55) |
Alcoholic | ||||
No | 2627 (90.65) | 2027 (88.09) | 2171 (97.53) | 1127 (85.7) |
Yes | 271 (9.35) | 274 (11.91) | 55 (2.47) | 188 (14.3) |
Smoker | ||||
No | 2770 (95.58) | 2192 (95.26) | 2197 (98.7) | 1234 (93.84) |
Yes | 128 (4.42) | 109 (4.74) | 29 (1.3) | 81 (6.16) |
Indoor smoking freq. | ||||
Never | 1849 (63.8) | 1138 (49.46) | 1429 (64.2) | 690 (52.47) |
Weekly | 222 (7.66) | 264 (11.47) | 176 (7.91) | 129 (9.81) |
Less than monthly | 72 (2.48) | 72 (3.13) | 71 (3.19) | 33 (2.51) |
Monthly | 78 (2.69) | 72 (3.13) | 68 (3.05) | 36 (2.74) |
Daily | 677 (23.36) | 755 (32.81) | 482 (21.65) | 427 (32.47) |
Residence | ||||
Urban | 1991 (68.7) | 704 (30.6) | 1131 (50.81) | 368 (27.98) |
Rural | 907 (31.3) | 1597 (69.4) | 1095 (49.19) | 947 (72.02) |
Wealth index | ||||
Poorest | 1 (0.03) | 287 (12.47) | 82 (3.68) | 301 (22.89) |
Poorer | 8 (0.28) | 519 (22.56) | 154 (6.92) | 285 (21.67) |
Middle | 151 (5.21) | 698 (30.33) | 245 (11.01) | 339 (25.78) |
Richer | 882 (30.43) | 698 (30.33) | 523 (23.5) | 280 (21.29) |
Richest | 1856 (64.04) | 99 (4.3) | 1222 (54.9) | 110 (8.37) |
Highest education level | ||||
No education | 388 (13.39) | 758 (32.94) | 416 (18.69) | 472 (35.89) |
Primary level | 347 (11.97) | 373 (16.21) | 303 (13.61) | 240 (18.25) |
Secondary level | 1641 (56.63) | 1006 (43.72) | 1106 (49.69) | 530 (40.3) |
Higher level | 522 (18.01) | 164 (7.13) | 401 (18.01) | 73 (5.55) |
Religion | ||||
Hindu | 1822 (62.87) | 1544 (67.1) | 1947 (87.47) | 975 (74.14) |
Muslim | 627 (21.64) | 472 (20.51) | 46 (2.07) | 210 (15.97) |
Christian | 313 (10.8) | 210 (9.13) | 13 (0.58) | 97 (7.38) |
Others | 136 (4.69) | 75 (3.26) | 220 (9.88) | 33 (2.51) |
Caste/tribe | ||||
OBC | 1331 (45.93) | 871 (37.85) | 805 (36.16) | 472 (35.89) |
SC | 384 (13.25) | 517 (22.47) | 328 (14.73) | 343 (26.08) |
ST | 303 (10.46) | 385 (16.73) | 86 (3.86) | 258 (19.62) |
General | 880 (30.37) | 528 (22.95) | 1007 (45.24) | 242 (18.4) |
Hypertensive | ||||
No | 1594 (55) | 1443 (62.71) | 1281 (57.55) | 849 (64.56) |
Yes | 1304 (45) | 858 (37.29) | 945 (42.45) | 466 (35.44) |
Possess refrigerator | ||||
No | 131 (4.52) | 2296 (99.78) | 762 (34.23) | 989 (75.21) |
Yes | 2767 (95.48) | 5 (0.22) | 1464 (65.77) | 326 (24.79) |
Possess bicycle | ||||
No | 1503 (51.86) | 1055 (45.85) | 1013 (45.51) | 617 (46.92) |
Yes | 1395 (48.14) | 1246 (54.15) | 1213 (54.49) | 698 (53.08) |
Possess motorbike | ||||
No | 825 (28.47) | 1590 (69.1) | 734 (32.97) | 884 (67.22) |
Yes | 2073 (71.53) | 711 (30.9) | 1492 (67.03) | 431 (32.78) |
Possess car/truck | ||||
No | 2217 (76.5) | 2226 (96.74) | 1840 (82.66) | 1273 (96.81) |
Yes | 681 (23.5) | 75 (3.26) | 386 (17.34) | 42 (3.19) |
Cooking fuel used | ||||
Other | 1 (0.03) | 4 (0.17) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.08) |
Plant based | 354 (12.22) | 1018 (44.24) | 437 (19.63) | 723 (54.98) |
Livestock based | 47 (1.62) | 297 (12.91) | 211 (9.48) | 104 (7.91) |
Gas/oil | 2460 (84.89) | 965 (41.94) | 1562 (70.17) | 476 (36.2) |
Electricity | 36 (1.24) | 17 (0.74) | 16 (0.72) | 11 (0.84) |
Household structure | ||||
Non-nuclear | 1310 (45.2) | 1016 (44.15) | 1120 (50.31) | 564 (42.89) |
Nuclear | 1588 (54.8) | 1285 (55.85) | 1106 (49.69) | 751 (57.11) |
Possess livestock | ||||
No | 2226 (76.81) | 1155 (50.2) | 1474 (66.22) | 646 (49.13) |
Yes | 672 (23.19) | 1146 (49.8) | 752 (33.78) | 669 (50.87) |
Drinking water source | ||||
Unprotected sources | 76 (2.62) | 146 (6.35) | 44 (1.98) | 204 (15.51) |
Protected sources | 739 (25.5) | 998 (43.37) | 686 (30.82) | 522 (39.7) |
Community service | 1991 (68.7) | 1112 (48.33) | 1448 (65.05) | 508 (38.63) |
Bottled water | 86 (2.97) | 43 (1.87) | 46 (2.07) | 77 (5.86) |
Other | 6 (0.21) | 2 (0.09) | 2 (0.09) | 4 (0.3) |
