Table 2 Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for NAFLD by the combinations of dietary sodium and β-carotene intakes.

From: Potential role of inflammation in relation to dietary sodium and β-carotene with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a mediation analysis

 

Low Na-High carotene

Low Na-Low carotene

High Na-High carotene

High Na-Low carotene

HSI-defined NAFLD

n

1513

1847

1851

1514

No. of cases

814

1061

1003

922

Prevalencea, %

53.8

57.4

54.2

60.9

ORs (95% CIs)

Model 1b

0.65 (0.56–0.76)

0.78 (0.68–0.90)

0.74 (0.64–0.85)

1 (Reference)

Model 2c

0.60 (0.51–0.71)

0.62 (0.53–0.73)

0.84 (0.73–0.98)

1 (Reference)

FLI-defined NAFLD

n

727

891

892

727

No. of cases

284

391

373

376

Prevalenced, n (%)

39.1

43.9

41.8

51.7

ORs (95% CIs)

Model 1b

0.54 (0.43–0.67)

0.71 (0.58–0.88)

0.64 (0.52–0.78)

1 (Reference)

Model 2c

0.53 (0.41–0.68)

0.58 (0.46–0.73)

0.74 (0.60–0.92)

1 (Reference)

  1. aP-value for difference in terms of prevalence of NAFLD equals to 0.0001.
  2. bAdjusted for age and sex.
  3. cAdjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education level, family monthly poverty level, smoking, drinking, sedentary time, total energy intake, dietary inflammatory index, and serum creatinine.
  4. dP-value for difference in terms of prevalence of NAFLD < 0.0001. The median values used in the HSI analysis were 3032 mg/day for sodium intake and 1217.5 µg/day for β-carotene intake. The median values used in the FLI analysis were 3049.5 mg/day for sodium intake and 1235.5 µg/day for β-carotene intake.
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