Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with different BMI and gamma gap levels.

From: A synergistic impact of body mass index and gamma gap on heart failure and mortality rate among older patients with coronary artery disease: a prospective study with 10-year follow-up

Characteristics

All patients (n = 987)

High BMI, low gamma gap (n = 286)

Low BMI, low gamma gap (n = 387)

High BMI, high gamma gap (n = 128)

Low BMI, high gamma gap (n = 186)

P value

Age, yrs

86.0 (82.0–90.0)

86.0 (81.0–89.0)

86.0 (82.0–90.0)

85.0 (82.0–90.0)

87.0 (83.0–90.0)

0.046

Males (%)

887 (89.9)

268 (93.7)

347 (89.7)

108 (84.4)

164 (88.2)

0.024

BMI,kg/m2

24.2 (21.7–26.6)

26.9 (25.9–29.1)

22.2 (20.5–23.7)

27.4 (26.0–29.7)

22.2 (20.2–23.6)

<0.001

Smoking history(%)

371 (37.6)

105 (36.7)

156 (40.3)

44 (34.4)

66 (35.5)

0.526

Heart rate, beats/min

72.0 (64.0–80.0)

70.0 (64.0–78.0)

72.0 (64.0–80.0)

73 (67.0–82.0)

75.0 (66.0–85.0)

0.001

SBP, mmHg

132.5 (124.0–142.0)

135.0 (126.0–142.5)

131.8 (123.0–141.4)

133.2 (125.1–143.0)

131.1 (122.0–141.2)

0.098

DBP, mmHg

69.0 (63.7–74.3)

70.0 (64.8–76.1)

68.3 (63.7–73.0)

69.6 (63.4–76.2)

68.7 (63.0–73.4)

0.005

Hemoglobin, g/L

124.0 (108.0–137.0)

131.0 (116.0–143.0)

123.0 (108.0–134.0)

119.5 (106.5–135.0)

115.0 (99.8–132.0)

<0.001

Albumin,g/L

38.2 (35.2–40.7)

39.0 (36.7–41.1)

38.5 (35.6–40.8)

37.7 (35.0–40.5)

36.0 (33.0–39.9)

<0.001

TC, mmol/L

3.8 (3.3–4.4)

3.8 (3.3–4.2)

3.8 (3.2–4.4)

3.8 (3.3–4.3)

3.9 (3.3–4.6)

0.133

HDL-C,mmol/L

1.1 (0.9–1.8)

1.0 (0.9–1.2)

1.1 (1.0–1.4)

1.0 (0.9–1.1)

1.0 (0.8–1.2)

<0.001

LDL-C, mmol/L

2.1 (1.7–2.6)

2.2 (1.7–2.6)

2.1 (1.6–2.6)

2.2 (1.7–2.6)

2.2 (1.7–2.9)

0.197

FPG, mmol/L

5.38 (4.83–6.14)

5.4 (4.9–6.0)

5.2 (4.7–5.9)

5.7 (5.0–6.7)

5.5 (4.8–6.4)

<0.001

Creatinine, μmol/L

89.0 (7.0–117.0)

89.0 (74.8–110.3)

86.0 (70.9–111.9)

94.6 (80.0–123.9)

100.9 (75.0–150.5)

0.001

CRP

0.6 (0.2–2.5)

0.4 (0.1–1.5)

0.4 (0.1–1.7)

0.9 (0.4–2.8)

1.7 (0.5–5.2)

<0.001

NT-proBNP, pg/ml

423.4 (169.3–1855.2)

266.1 (116.8–972.8)

418.2 (176.5–1756.0)

664.7 (182.0–1900.3)

996.4 (258.5–3852.6)

<0.001

Gamma gap,g/L

27.4 (24.2–31.0)

25.2 (22.8–27.1)

25.7 (23.2–27.7)

32.7 (31.0–35.6)

33.3 (31.3–36.1)

<0.001

Heart failure (%)

295 (29.9)

54 (18.9%)

114 (29.5%)

41 (32.0%)

86 (46.2%)

<0.001

Mortality rate (%)

717 (72.6)

180 (62.9%)

274 (70.8%)

106 (82.8%)

157 (84.4%)

<0.001

  1. Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%).
  2. BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, FPG fasting plasma glucose, CRP C-reactive protein, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide.
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