Table 4 Mediation analysis between Flavodiet Score and type 2 diabetes.

From: Higher habitual intakes of flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods are associated with a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes in the UK Biobank cohort

 

Flavodiet Score (1-point increments)

Participants, No.

Total effect (HR; 95% CI)a

P value

Direct effect (HR; 95% CI)a

P value

Natural indirect effect (HR; 95% CI)a

P value

Proportion mediated Log(NIE) / (Log(NIE)+log(NDE))

Potential mediators (HR; 95% CI)b

Obesity and sugar metabolism

 BMI

80,877

0.957 [0.930–0.985]

0.003

0.960 [0.932–0.987]

0.005

0.998 [0.996–0.999]

0.001

5%

 IGF-1

76,111

0.949 [0.921–0.977]

<0.001

0.950 [0.923–0.978]

0.001

0.999 [0.998–1.000]

0.001

2%

Inflammatory biomarkers

 C-reactive protein

76,377

0.948 [0.921–0.977]

<0.001

0.949 [0.921–0.978]

0.001

0.999 [0.998–0.999]

<0.001

2%

Kidney function

 Cystatin C

76,528

0.948 [0.921–0.977]

<0.001

0.950 [0.923–0.979]

0.001

0.998 [0.997–0.999]

<0.001

4%

 Urate

76,453

0.948 [0.921–0.976]

<0.001

0.949 [0.922–0.977]

0.001

0.999 [0.998–1.000]

0.004

2%

 Creatinine

76,480

0.948 [0.921–0.977]

<0.001

0.948 [0.921–0.976]

<0.001

1.000 [0.999–1.000]

0.579

NA

Liver function

 Gamma glutamyl transferase

76,484

0.951 [0.923–0.979]

0.001

0.951 [0.924–0.980]

0.001

0.999 [0.999–1.000]

0.001

2%

 Alanine aminotransferase

76,506

0.951 [0.923–0.979]

0.001

0.953 [0.925–0.981]

0.001

0.998 [0.997–0.999]

<0.001

4%

 Aspartate aminotransferase

76,262

0.950 [0.922–0.978]

0.001

0.950 [0.922–0.978]

0.001

1.000 [0.999–1.000]

0.937

NA

 Lipid metabolism

 LDL-direct Cholesterol

76,394

0.949 [0.921–0.977]

<0.001

0.949 [0.922–0.977]

0.001

1.000 [0.999–1.000]

0.089

NA

 Lipoprotein(a)

61,625

0.934 [0.903–0.965]

<0.001

0.934 [0.903–0.966]

<0.001

1.000 [0.999–1.000]

0.803

NA

  1. Q quartile, BMI body mass index, T2D type 2 diabetes mellitus, PRS polygenic risk, HR hazard ratios, CI confidence intervals.
  2. aHazard Ratios with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for Flavodiet Score (1-point increments), adjusted for sex, BMI (excluding when considered as a potential mediator), waist circumference, ethnicity, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol intake, education, energy intake, polypharmacy index, multimorbidity index, Townsend deprivation index, family history of diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, menopausal status, PRS (T2D), number of completed dietary assessments, and intake of wholegrains, red and processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, and coffee; stratified by age (5-year categories) and region.
  3. bPotential mediators are modelled on the continuous scale.
Back to article page