Fig. 7: The PMM2/KIFC3 axis promotes CRC progression in vivo and correlates with clinical outcomes.

A Images and tumor growth curves of subcutaneous xenografts in NCG mice injected with RKO cells (NC + shCtrl, PMM2 + shCtrl, NC + shKIFC3, PMM2 + shKIFC3). B Tumor weights at endpoint (day 48). C Representative IHC staining of PMM2, KIFC3, Ki67, LDHA, and PKM2 in xenograft tumors. Scale bar, 100 μm. D Western blot of PMM2, KIFC3, LDHA, and PKM2 in xenograft tumors. The lower panel shows the relative protein expression level. E IHC staining of PMM2 in normal vs. CRC tissues (tissue microarray). Scale bar, 50 μm. F Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of CRC patients with high vs. low PMM2 expression (log-rank test). Data are mean ± SD (n = 6 mice/group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. corresponding control.