Fig. 8: PIAS4 and CDK6 inhibition synergistically suppress breast cancer growth.

A–C Cell viability assays demonstrating the synergistic inhibitory effect of CDK4/6 inhibitors and SUMOylation inhibitors on breast cancer cell growth. D The impact of PIAS4 and/or CDK6 knockdown on mice body weight. E The impact of PIAS4 and/or CDK6 knockdown on mice tumour growth. F Representative luciferase bioluminescence images showing the effect of PIAS4 and/or CDK6 knockdown on breast mice tumour growth. G Schematic model illustrating the high expression of PIAS4 in tumour cells, which inhibits the phosphorylation of the CDK6 inhibitory site Y24 through SUMO modification. This promotes the phosphorylation of RB1 by CDK6, leading to the dissociation of transcription factor RB1 from the E2F1 complex, thereby enhancing the transcription of RB1 target genes and promoting cell cycle G1/S checkpoint progression.