Fig. 7: USP1 facilitates the SUMOylation of HELLS by PIAS1.

A–C HELLS SUMOylation (SUMO1/2/3) in HEK293T and Huh7 cells assessed by Co-IP. D, E Western blotting was performed to examine PIAS1 expression with USP1 knockdown or overexpression. F Western blotting was conducted to detect PIAS1 expression after USP1 knockdown or ML323 treatment with administration of MG132 or chloroquine (CQ). G Expression levels of PIAS1 were detected in cells exposed to cycloheximide for varying durations with different pre-treatments, assessed by Western blotting. H Co-IP assay was conducted to validate the USP1-PIAS1 interaction. I The effects of USP1 on PIAS1 ubiquitination levels were assessed by Co-IP in Huh7 and SK-Hep1 cells. J Expression levels of EMT-related markers were analyzed by western blotting in HCC cells with indicated treatments. K, L Transwell and colony formation assay was performed to validate the rescue effects of indicated treatments. ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.