Table 1 Characteristics of included studies.
From: Using heart rate variability to predict neurological outcomes in preterm infants: a scoping review
Study | Country | Design | N | HRV metric | HRV metric category | Neurological outcome | Neurological outcome category | Age at outcome assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Addison et al.46 | USA | Retrospective cohort study | 65b | cHRC | Heart rate characteristics | 1. Cerebral palsy; 2. BSID-II | 1. Long term; 2. Long term | 12 (n = 58) or 18 (n = 7) months |
Doussard-Roosevelt et al.48 a | USA | Prospective cohort study | 41 | RSA RSA Maturation | Frequency domain | Behavioural parameters determined by scores on Child Behaviour Checklist, Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Parenting Stress Index and California Preschool Social Competency Scale | Long term | 3 years |
Doussard-Roosevelt et al.47 a | USA | Prospective cohort study | 20 | RSA RSA Maturation | Frequency domain | Behavioural Parameters determined by scores on Child Behaviour Checklist, Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Parenting Stress Index and California Preschool Social Competency Scale | Long term | 3 years and school age (mean 8.1 years) |
Fairchild et al.45 | USA | Retrospective cohort study | 384c | aHRC28 | Heart rate characteristics | 1. Cranial ultrasound findings; 2. MRI head findings; 3. Bayley scales score | 1. Short term; 2. Short term; 3. Long term | 1. Twice in first 10 days of life and once after discharge; 2. Term corrected age; 3. 12–15 months of age |
Gronlund et al.37 | Finland | Prospective case-control study | 42 | RMSSD, RMSM coefficients of variation of RMSSD and RMSM | Time domain | 1. IVH grades 1–2 or 3–4; 2. Periventricular leukomalacia | 1. Short term; 2. Short term | Days 1–4 of life |
Hanna et al.38 | USA | Retrospective cohort study | 19 | SDANN index SDNN index | Time domain | 1. BSID-II MDI and PDI score; 2. Diagnosis of CP 3. IVH/PVL | 1. Long term; 2. Long term; 3. Short term | 1. 1 year; 2. 1 year; 3. During admission |
Huvanandana et al.39 | Australia | Prospective case-control study | 27 | Mean pulse interval short-term and long-term scaling exponents of the pulse interval | Non-linear | IVH | Short term | Two, 12, 24, 36 h and then once daily until the end of the 1st week of life |
Hadas et al.51 | Israel | Prospective cohort study | 46 | NN, SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, TP | Time and frequency domain | 1. General movement assessment; 2. Motor optimality score for 3–5-month-old infants | 1. Medium term 2. Medium term | 1. 35 weeks; 2. 4 months |
King et al.49 | USA | Retrospective cohort study | 598 | cHRC | Heart Rate Characteristics | Neurodevelopmental impairment (based on blindness, deafness, gross motor function classification system level 2 or higher, or BSID-III cognitive score <85) | Long term | 18–22 months corrected age |
Lloyd et al.50 | Ireland | Retrospective cohort study | 43 | SDNN Skewness Kurtosis | Time domain and non-linear | BSID-III | Long term | 2 years of age |
Prietsch et al.40 | Germany | Prospective cohort study | 105 | Long-term variability and short-term variability | Time domain | IVH | Short term | NA |
Shiono et al.41 | Japan | Prospective case-control study | 34d | NN SDNN LF HF TP LF/HF CVRR | Time and frequency domain | 1. IVH; 2. Neurodevelopmental delay | 1. Short term; 2. Long term | 1. Within 24 h of birth and then at least every 24 h; 2. 18 months and 3 years corrected age |
Sullivan et al.42 | USA | Retrospective cohort study | 566 | aHRC-24 h aHRC-7 d | Heart rate characteristics | IVH grades 3–4 | Short term | During admission |
Tuzcu et al.43 | USA | Prospective case-control study | 24 | Detrended fluctuation analysis | Non-linear | IVH | Short term | First week of life |
van Ravenswaaij-Arts et al.44 | Netherlands | Prospective case-control study | 50 | RR-interval four long-term variability and four short-term variability parameters | Time domain | IVH | Short term | NA |
