Table 4 Clinical parameters, biochemical and hormonal data of the enrolled patients.

Waist circumference (cm)

87.20 ± 21.22

82.80 ± 18.50

85.52 ± 13.89

0.007

Weight (kg)

64.84 ± 20.69

64.59 ± 71.65

64.75 ± 47.31

0.965

Height (cm)

150.36 ± 14.00

148.26 ± 16.00

149.57 ± 14.80

<0.001

Waist circumference/height ratio

0.86 ± 0.35

0.72 ± 0.45

0.81 ± 0.39

0.212

Body mass index (kg/m2)

28.11 ± 5.31

25.58 ± 5.33

27.13 ± 6.54

<0.001

Body mass index (z-score)

2.73 ± 0.88

2.28 ± 1.3

2.56 ± 1.07

<0.001

Tanner 1

68 (34.5%)

56 (46.7%)

124 (39.12%)

—

Tanner 2

66 (33.5%)

46 (38.3%)

112 (35.33%)

Tanner 3

63 (32.0%)

18 (15.0%)

81 (25.55%)

Gestational age

38.93 ± 7.93

39.13 ± 17.27

39.00 ± 1.90

0.404

Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

113.72 ± 50.41

108.9 ± 52.38

112.03 ± 12.14

0.004

Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

70.91 ± 31.62

66.83 ± 30.99

69.41 ± 8.59

<0.001

Glycemia (mg/dl)

89.08 ± 33.66

86.17 ± 33.84

87.91 ± 9.54

0.015

Insulin (mcU/ml)

22.13 ± 19.26

13.26 ± 10.63

18.62 ± 16.88

<0.001

HOMA

4.97 ± 4.58

2.76 ± 1.91

4.11 ± 3.95

<0.001

TyG-index

8.29 ± 3.85

8.08 ± 3.97

8.21 ± 0.53

0.005

HbA1C (%)

5.26 ± 2.64

5.35 ± 2.71

5.29 ± 0.40

0.151

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

155.29 ± 69.86

161.83 ± 78.80

157.77 ± 29.27

0.097

LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

86.45 ± 45.08

81.03 ± 48.49

84.41 ± 32.62

0.222

HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

50.38 ± 27.67

63.83 ± 36.84

55.54 ± 23.49

<0.001

Tryglicerides (mg/dl)

105.75 ± 68.80

81.92 ± 49.99

96.53 ± 53.55

<0.001