Fig. 4: Three methods to induce hypoplastic left heart syndrome in a fetal lamb model.
From: Animal models of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: genetic and anatomical approaches
a Occlusion of foramen ovale, b coiling occlusion of the left atrium, and c restriction of blood flow through the mitral valve by an inflated balloon inside the left atrium. IVC inferior vena cava, LA left atrium, LV left ventricle, RA right atrium, RV right ventricle, FO foramen ovale, BCT brachiocephalic trunk, PDA patent ductus arteriosus. These images were adapted/reproduced from refs. 64,65,66
