Fig. 3: Model-predicted factor scores across SES levels (parent report).

Lines show model-predicted scores for each factor across socioeconomic status (SES) levels (1 = low to 5 = high). Factors were defined as F1 = Child Emotionality, F2 = Parent Emotionality, and F3 = Child Concerns. Scores were slightly higher (indicating greater impairment) at lower SES levels and slightly lower at higher SES levels, although differences were small. Child Emotionality and Parent Emotionality did not differ substantially from each other, whereas Child Concerns showed markedly lower scores than the other factors.