Fig. 1

History of research and milestones in viral oncogenesis. The exploration embarked in the early 20th century. Initially, the discovery of the ALK laid the groundwork for oncovirus research. Subsequently, the RSV came to the fore, and in due sequence, the EBV and HBV emerged. A cascade of milestone accomplishments followed. For example, the identification of oncogenes revolutionized the field; the proposition that HPV induces cancer spurred the development of the cervical cancer vaccine. Moreover, viruses like HCV, KSHV, and MCV were unearthed. Collectively, these events have vividly traced the trajectory of the unceasing deepening of scientific research and the ceaseless efforts to battle cancer. This figure was created with BioRender.com