Fig. 1

Generation of BC patient 1-derived iPSCs with NF1 mutation. a Schematic of precision medicine for BC patients. Created using BioRender.com. b BC subtypes (top) and WES analysis (bottom) of BC biospecimens from the biobank. c Dot plot of metastatic recurrence time based on NF1 mutation status. d Disease-specific survival time based on NF1 mutation status. e Volcano plot showing drug resistance related to NF1 mutation. f Mutation analysis of the NF1 allele in normal and patient-derived iPSCs. g mRNA expression of OCT4 and NANOG in BC patient-derived fibroblasts and iPSCs. Data are mean ± SEM (n 6/group). Statistical comparisons were made using a two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. ***P < 0.001. h Morphology and AP staining of patient-iPSCs. Scale bar, 100 μm. i Immunofluorescence of pluripotency markers in patient iPSCs. Scale bar, 100 μm. j Immunostaining for ectoderm (Tuj1, Map2), mesoderm (α-SMA, Vimentin), and endoderm (AFP, HNF-4α) markers. Fluorescence intensity of each marker was quantified from three independent experiments and shown as mean ± SEM. Scale bar, 100 μm. k Karyotype analysis of patient iPSCs. l STR analysis of BC patient fibroblasts and iPSCs