Fig. 5: Serum metabolomic changes in AKI mice after administration of cisplatin, ketamine and ANA-12.

A OPLS-DA between the PBS + saline group and the cisplatin + saline group (R2Y = 0.991, Q2 = 0.839, P < 0.05). B OPLS-DA between the cisplatin + saline group and the cisplatin + ketamine group (R2Y = 0.975, Q2 = 0.516, P < 0.05). C OPLS-DA between the cisplatin + ketamine group and the cisplatin + ketamine + ANA-12 group (R2Y = 0.993, Q2 = 0.671, P < 0.05). D Volcano plot demonstrated metabolites changes in the PBS + saline group vs the cisplatin + saline group. E Volcano plot demonstrated metabolites changes in the cisplatin + saline group vs the cisplatin + ketamine group. F Volcano plot demonstrated metabolites changes in the cisplatin + ketamine group vs the cisplatin + ketamine + NA-12 group. The X axis indicates log2-transformed fold change of metabolite abundances, and Y axis indicates the negative value of log10-transformed P-value using the Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum test. The horizontal lines represent P < 0.05 and vertical lines indicate fold change of > 1.2 or < −0.83. Metabolites elevated or decreased are highlighted in red and blue, respectively, and metabolites with the highest VIP and lowest P are labeled with text. OPLS-DA, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis; KT, ketamine; ANA, ANA-12.