Fig. 3: GMV reductions identified through meta-analyses of T2DM and MDD, as well as their overlap.

A GMV reductions in T2DM patients compared to healthy controls. B GMV reductions in MDD patients compared to healthy controls. C Shared GMV reductions observed in both T2DM and MDD. For overlapping regions, the SDM-Z value with the smaller absolute magnitude was used as the representative value. The color bar indicates SDM-Z values, where darker colors correspond to larger decreases in GMV. Statistical maps are thresholded using FWE-TFCE-corrected P < 0.05 and cluster extent ≥ 100 voxels. GMV gray matter volume, IFG inferior frontal gyrus, INS insula, IOG inferior occipital gyrus, L left, MCC median cingulate/paracingulate gyri, MDD major depressive disorder, MFG median frontal gyrus, MTG middle temporal gyrus, ORBsup orbital part of the superior frontal gyrus, R right, SDM seed-based d mapping, SFG superior frontal gyrus, STG superior temporal gyrus.