Fig. 1: Study pipeline.

We first searched related studies to identify brain structural and functional locations between violent and non-violent individuals A. Then, we adopted functional connectivity network mapping (FCNM) methods to construct three aggression brain abnormality networks corresponding to different imaging modalities with large-scale discovery and validation datasets B. Specifically, spheres centered on each coordinate of each contrast were created and combined together to generate a seed mask of each contrast. Second, we computed the resting-state FC on each participant using each seed mask. Third, the subject-level FC maps were entered into a voxel-wise one-sample t-test to identify brain regions that were functionally associated with each seed mask with a false discovery rate (FDR) corrected for multiple comparisons at p = 0.05. Finally, the binarized maps for the grey matter volume, task-induced activation, and resting-state activity contrasts were overlayed to generate 3 aggression brain damage networks probability maps of grey matter volume, task-induced activation, and resting-state activity threshold at 60%, respectively C-D.