Table 1 The clinical outcomes for all the patients after NAc/ALIC-DBS treatment.

From: Effects of deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens and anterior limb of the internal capsule on heroin addiction: Over five years of long-term follow-up in a prospective open-label pilot study

Case No.

Current status

Duration of abstinence (yrs+mos)

Preop job status

Postop job status

Preop marital status

Postop marital status

Body weight (kg)

Frequency of sexual activity (/month)

Change of smoking or alcohol intake

Baseline

Postop 2 yrs

Postop 5 yrs

Baseline

Postop 2 yrs

Postop 5 yrs

1

abstinent

13 yrs+3mos

no

yes

married

married

65

77

84

8

4

3

Smoking- Alcohol-

2

relapsed

6mos

no

no

married

married

70

72

68

1

1

1

Smoking - Alcohol-

3

abstinent

10 yrs+3mos

yes

yes

married

married

60

69

76

1

12

5

Smoking↓ Alcohol-

4

abstinent

10 yrs+3mos

no

yes

married

married

57

62.5

73

0.5

8

8

Smoking - Alcohol ↑ ↑

5

abstinent

10 yrs+2mos

no

yes

single

married

60

68

98

0

0

10

Smoking - Alcohol-

6

abstinent

10 yrs

no

no

married

divorced

64

60

60

4

6

2

Smoking↓ Not drinking

7

relapsed

10mos

no

yes to no

married

married

65

64

63

2

4

1

Not smoking Alcohol-

8

lost f/u

3mos

no

–

divorced

–

75

–

–

0

–

–

–

9

abstinent

9 yrs +7mos

no

yes

married

married

101

104

105

1

10

6

Smoking↓ Alcohol ↑ ↑↑

10

relapsed

7mos

no

no

married

divorced

60

58

55

2

2

1

Smoking↑ Alcohol↑

11

abstinent

8 yrs+6mos

no

yes

married

married

59

76

75

2

12

8

Smoking↓ Alcohol ↑ ↑↑

12

faila

4 yrs+5mos

no

yes

married

married

76

80

84

7

6

5

Smoking- Alcohol-

13

relapsed

5mos

yes

yes

divorced

divorced

55

60

58

0.5

1

0.5

Smoking- Alcohol-

14

relapsed

2 yrs+3mos

no

no

single

single

68

75

65

0

1

1

Smoking - Not drinking

15

abstinent

8 yrs +4mos

yes

yes

married

married

78

89

85

1

15

10

Smoking↓ Not drinking

16

abstinent

8 yrs +3mos

yes

yes

married

married

75

83

78

8

10

10

Smoking - Not drinking

17

abstinentb

7 yrs+9mos

no

yes

single

married

67

68

67

0

20

15

Smoking - Alcohol ↑ ↑↑

18

abstinentb

6 yrs +5mos

no

yes

divorced

married

65

72

70

1

8

12

Smoking↓ Alcohol ↑ ↑

19

relapsed

3mos

no

no

divorced

divorced

61

68

73

1

2

1

Smoking↓ Alcohol↑

20

abstinent

6 yrs +4mos

no

yes

married

married

80

85

91

0

1

2

Smoking- Not drinking

  1. yrs,years; mos, months; ↓, slightly decreased; -, unchanged;↑,↑↑ and ↑↑↑, slightly, moderately and significantly increased; lost f/u,lost of follow-up; Preop, preoperative; Postop, postoperative; kg, kilogram.
  2. aPatient turned to other treatments after relapse, and obtained a sustained abstinence later till now.
  3. bSustaining long-term abstinence was finally obtained by modifying the stimulating parameters though the relapse has ever occurred after the DBS surgery.
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